Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having an active region. A gate trench is disposed to cross the active region. First and second source/drain regions are disposed in the active region at both sides of the gate trench. A gate electrode is disposed in the gate trench. A gate dielectric layer is disposed between the gate electrode and the active region. A stress pattern is disposed on the gate electrode and in the gate trench. The stress pattern has a lower residual stress than silicon nitride.

Abstract: A furnace for heating a wafer is provided comprising a process chamber including a space for processing a plurality of wafers. A heating member is disposed in the process chamber which generates a light and heat for heating the wafers. Moreover, a light blocking member is disposed in the process chamber for preventing the light from being transmitted onto the wafers but which permits the heat to be transmitted onto the wafers for heating the wafers. The furnace can be employed in an apparatus for chemical vapor deposition.