Abstract: Provided are improved manufacturing methods of semiconductor devices, probe cards, test apparatuses including the probe card, and methods for manufacturing probe cards. The probe card includes a circuit board, a support located under the circuit board, and a plurality of probe needles located on a bottom surface of the support. Each of the probe needles has a tip configured to contact a side surface of a bump included in a test target. The support may include a stress absorption layer located on a bottom surface to which the probe needles are connected. Manufacturing of semiconductor devices may comprise forming elongated conductive bumps on a body of a semiconductor device, testing the semiconductor device by contacting tips of the probe needles to sides surfaces of the bumps and packaging of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: Provided are improved manufacturing methods of semiconductor devices, probe cards, test apparatuses including the probe card, and methods for manufacturing probe cards. The probe card includes a circuit board, a support located under the circuit board, and a plurality of probe needles located on a bottom surface of the support. Each of the probe needles has a tip configured to contact a side surface of a bump included in a test target. The support may include a stress absorption layer located on a bottom surface to which the probe needles are connected. Manufacturing of semiconductor devices may comprise forming elongated conductive bumps on a body of a semiconductor device, testing the semiconductor device by contacting tips of the probe needles to sides surfaces of the bumps and packaging of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A motor velocity control apparatus and method in which the velocity of a motor to drive a joint of a robot is controlled.

Abstract: A robot hand, which has an arbitrary object grasping function in the same manner as a human hand and a high precision and stable grasping function in the same manner as an industrial gripper and performs a pose similar to a human hand while having complete opposability without any increase in complexity or degree of freedom. The robot hand includes a base part, and a plurality of finger connection parts, and a plurality of finger modules connected to the plurality of finger connection parts. The finger connection parts connected to the base part are connected to adjacent finger connection parts by roll joints such that each pair the finger connection parts connected by the roll joints is driven together, and the finger connection parts adjacent to the finger connection parts connected to the base part are driven separately from the finger connection parts connected to the base part.

Abstract: A method to compress exposure data may include converting image data into a plurality of exposure data, generating new exposure data by combining part of the plurality of exposure data or by excluding part of the plurality of exposure data, and compressing the new exposure data. An exposure apparatus may include a conversion unit that converts image data into a plurality of exposure data, a control unit that generates new exposure data by combining part of the plurality of exposure data or by excluding part of the plurality of exposure data, and a compression unit that compresses the new exposure data.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body, a storage compartment provided in the main body and including a storage space, a partition plate to divide the storage space, and a storage container supported by the partition plate. The storage container includes a container body defining the external appearance of the storage container and having a top opening, a thickness reinforced portion formed at the lower part of the container body to prevent temperature of the lower part of the container body from rapidly changing by cold air of the storage compartment, and a thermal insulating member provided in a space between the thickness reinforced portion and the container body.

Abstract: A motor velocity control apparatus and method in which the velocity of a motor to drive a joint of a robot is controlled. The motor velocity control apparatus and method compensates for a velocity profile used to drive a motor in real time using acceleration, thus increasing a driving velocity of the motor to the maximum velocity while stably maintaining performance of the motor. Thereby, efficiency of the motor is increased, the velocity of the motor is based on the acceleration made by data obtained through experimentation and is thus more precisely and simply calculated than the conventional compensation algorithm using dynamics, and reliability in driving of the motor is assured.

Abstract: A robot hand, which has an arbitrary object grasping function in the same manner as a human hand and a high precision and stable grasping function in the same manner as an industrial gripper and performs a pose similar to a human hand while having complete opposability without any increase in complexity or degree of freedom. The robot hand includes a base part, and a plurality of finger connection parts, and a plurality of finger modules connected to the plurality of finger connection parts. The finger connection parts connected to the base part are connected to adjacent finger connection parts by roll joints such that each pair the finger connection parts connected by the roll joints is driven together, and the finger connection parts adjacent to the finger connection parts connected to the base part are driven separately from the finger connection parts connected to the base part.

Abstract: A method to compress exposure data may include converting image data into a plurality of exposure data, generating new exposure data by combining part of the plurality of exposure data or by excluding part of the plurality of exposure data, and compressing the new exposure data. An exposure apparatus may include a conversion unit that converts image data into a plurality of exposure data, a control unit that generates new exposure data by combining part of the plurality of exposure data or by excluding part of the plurality of exposure data, and a compression unit that compresses the new exposure data.