Abstract: There is herein defined optics (e.g. an array of optics) forming an optical beam to either produce a collimated or diverging/converging beam emerging from a virtual source point to illuminate a hologram. There is also described an optical beam illuminating a reflection hologram from the front and a further configuration where an optical beam combined with a holographic optical element (HOE) minor enables rear illumination of a reflection hologram.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and system for generating hydrogen from carbon dioxide. The process and system for generating a hydrogen gas stream from a carbon dioxide gas stream comprises converting a first waste carbon dioxide gas stream to an organic feedstock using an algal source in a photosynthesis step. The organic feedstock is then converted using an organism to the hydrogen gas stream and gaseous by-products in a biodecomposition step. The generated hydrogen gas may then be collected.

Abstract: There is herein defined optics (e.g. an array of optics) forming an optical beam to either produce a collimated or diverging/converging beam emerging from a virtual source point to illuminate a hologram. There is also described an optical beam illuminating a reflection hologram from the front and a further configuration where an optical beam combined with a holographic optical element (HOE) minor enables rear illumination of a reflection hologram.

Abstract: An earth working apparatus, for laying a pipe or cable underground. The earth working apparatus comprises a plurality of trenching modules. Each trenching module is arranged sequentially in a first plane and comprises a cutter in communication with a conveyor. In a second aspect, each trenching module cuts a layer of earth and conveys said layer of earth to a collection device or to a collection area.

Abstract: An earth working apparatus, for laying a pipe or cable underground. The earth working apparatus comprises a plurality of trenching modules. Each trenching module is arranged sequentially in a first plane and comprises a cutter in communication with a conveyor. In a second aspect, each trenching module cuts a layer of earth and conveys said layer of earth to a collection device or to a collection area.

Abstract: A ski training harness comprising: (a) an adjustable, releasable waist strap; (b) a pair of retractable leashes connected to the waist strap at a left-side and right-side location relative to a child, wherein each of the retractable leashes comprises a handle adapted to allow an adult wearing ski gloves to easily grasp the leash handle, a portion of each of the leashes extending from each of the handles; and (c) means for securing the pair of leash handles to the waist strap.

Abstract: An improved integrated interbox connector to permit vertical stacking of cargo containers using no manual labor and includes an automatic pivoting engagement lock, a latch, a lip/end stop. The connecting corner can be retrofitted to existing containers by welding or the like.

Abstract: The KNUCKLE PIN LOCK is designed to fit an American Association of Railroads articulated locklift assembly's connector and up the bottom part of the attached toggle to a point where it would contact the bottom of the lock of the rail car knuckle. When the knuckle is in the closed or locked position, the knuckle pin lock when applied, would make opening the knuckle to separate a rail car from another rail car impossible. The Knuckle Pin Lock blocks the accidental or malicious disconnection of rail cars by blocking the ability of anyone or anything pulling up on the operating lever to open the knuckle. This mechanism can be made from plastic, metal, wood or any other rigid material. The thickness of the material depends on the type of material used. For instance, a plastic unit would be approx. 1/8? thick. The larger “key” shaped holes are where fastening devices such as multi-purpose zip-ties would be threaded through and around the toggle and tightened.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device (500) includes first and second substrates (510, 530); a liquid crystal layer (522) disposed between the first and second substrates (510, 530); a pair of electrodes (520, 526) for selectively changing an orientation of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer (522) to selectively control a polarization of light passing through the liquid crystal layer (522); and a form birefringent compensator (550) on a surface of one of the two substrates (510, 530) through which the light passes. The form birefringent compensator (550) may comprise a series of gratings having a rectangular or triangular cross-section. The form birefringent compensator (550) compensates for a residual retardance produced by the liquid crystal layer (522) when the device (500) is operating in a dark state.

Abstract: Method and apparatus of coupling light into a light guide using error detecting and correcting systems. A rectangular light guide is mated with an X-axis optical fiber and with a Y-axis optical fiber. An X-axis photodetector senses light that couples from the light guide into the X-axis optical fiber, while a Y-axis photodetector senses light that couples from the light guide into the Y-axis optical fiber. An error detector compares the outputs of the X-axis and the Y-axis photodetectors to produces error signals that depend on the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis positional errors. The errors signals are applied to an error correcting system that adjusts the relative position of the light guide and the light directed onto the light guide.

Abstract: A dental or orthopaedic implant comprises a metal or metal alloy whose surface has been converted at least over part of its area to an oxide film X, the oxide film comprising a calcium phosphate-containing material as a composite component over at least part of its area Y The metal or metal alloy preferably comprises a Group IIIA or IVA transition metal or alloy containing the same, and more preferably comprises titanium. The metal or metal alloy surface of the implant is preferably oxidised and/or the composite is preferably formed by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. The calcium phosphate-containing material preferably comprises an apatite, for example hydroxylapatite, or tricalcium phosphate. In a preferred PEO process, high frequency current pulses of a particular form, and within a particular frequency range, are used, combined with the generation of acoustic vibrations in 20 a sonic frequency range in the electrolyte, the frequency ranges of the current pulses and the acoustic vibrations overlapping.