Abstract: Method and pharmaceutical compositions for enhancing osteochondral tissue, so that osteochondral defects may be repaired by the body and/or prevented or lessened. The methods primarily include administering into a joint cavity, in doses not more frequently than daily for up to 13 days, an effective amount of anti-inflammatory cell growth pharmaceutical composition including cell secretory microvesicles derived from placental cotyledon derived mesenchymal stem cells that secrete growth factors; and administering into the joint cavity on day 14 (and as appropriate thereafter) an effective amount of pharmaceutical composition for cell differentiation and growth including chondrocyte derived exosomes.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of treatment for various diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, involving administration of compositions comprising membrane-enclosed vesicles. The membrane-enclosed vesicles may be derived from a stem cell such as a mesenchymal stem cell.