Abstract: A center pivot irrigation system wheel including a hub having an axis of rotation and having lateral and oppositely lateral sides; a plurality of spoke pairs having distal ends and having proximal ends, each proximal end being attached to the hub, each spoke pair having lateral and oppositely lateral spokes, each lateral spoke being intersected by an axially extending plane of orientation, and said each oppositely lateral spoke being intersected by the same plane of orientation; a first plurality of axially extending through spaces, each through space being bounded by an adjacent pair of the spoke pairs; an annular rim having an outer surface, the distal end of each spoke being fixedly attached to the rim; and a plurality of treads, each tread being fixedly attached to the annular rim's outer surface.