Abstract: The present invention provides a thermoelectric medication cooler including a receptacle having a base with an outer perimeter and at least one vertically oriented sidewall extending therefrom forming a defined interior chamber. The defined interior chamber is enclosed and removably fastened by a lid hingedly attached to the sidewall and includes a tray having at least one compartment configured to support one or more vials of insulin. The defined interior chamber further includes a thermoelectric cooling system including at least one thermoelectric cooling device and a cooling fan, wherein the thermoelectric cooling device is designed to lower the temperature within the defined interior chamber below the ambient temperature and the cooling fan is configured to extract heat from therein and direct it through a vent on the outside of the receptacle. The thermoelectric cooling device is configured to be powered by a power source.