Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston bowl. The piston bowl has a half section profile that includes a bowl entry extending radially from the longitudinal piston center axis, a first bowl recess extending radially from the bowl entry and defining a bowl depth and a first radius of curvature, a second bowl recess extending radially from a first bowl recess to an end perimeter surface and defining a second radius of curvature, a bowl lip defined by the first bowl recess and the second bowl recess, and a bowl edge defined by the second bowl recess and the end perimeter surface. The first bowl recess further defines a first bowl recess exit angle at the bowl lip. The second bowl recess further defines a second bowl recess exit angle at the bowl edge.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston bowl. The piston bowl has a half section profile that includes a bowl entry extending radially from the longitudinal piston center axis, a first bowl recess extending radially from the bowl entry and defining a bowl depth and a first radius of curvature, a second bowl recess extending radially from a first bowl recess to an end perimeter surface and defining a second radius of curvature, a bowl lip defined by the first bowl recess and the second bowl recess, and a bowl edge defined by the second bowl recess and the end perimeter surface. The first bowl recess further defines a first bowl recess exit angle at the bowl lip. The second bowl recess further defines a second bowl recess exit angle at the bowl edge.

Abstract: A fresh air and exhaust gas control method for an engine includes monitoring parameters of an engine in an operational state using a plurality of sensors and generating engine state estimates using an engine observer model. The engine observer model represents an intake manifold volume, an exhaust manifold volume, and a charge air cooler volume. The method also includes generating a turbocharger rotational speed estimate using a turbocharger model and calculating a fresh air flow correction factor. The method further includes determining a desired air throttle position and a desired EGR valve position based on setpoint commands, the monitored engine parameters, the fresh air flow correction factor, the engine state estimates, and the turbocharger rotational speed estimate. The method additionally includes adjusting the air throttle based on the desired air throttle position and adjusting the EGR valve based on the desired EGR valve position.

Abstract: A variable geometry turbocharger control method includes monitoring parameters of an engine using a plurality of sensors and generating engine state estimates using an engine observer model. The engine observer model represents the intake manifold volume, the exhaust manifold volume, and the charge air cooler volume. The engine state estimates are based on the monitored engine parameters from the plurality of sensors. The method also includes calculating a turbine intake correction factor based on the differences between the measured engine states and the engine state estimates and inputting the turbine intake correction factor to the engine observer model. The method further includes determining a desired turbocharger vane position based on setpoint commands, the monitored engine parameters, the turbine intake correction factor, and the engine state estimates.

Abstract: A variable geometry turbocharger control method and system for an engine air system with a variable geometry turbocharger having adjustable vanes. The method includes monitoring engine parameters; generating engine state estimates using an engine observer model; generating measured engine states based on the monitored engine parameters; computing observer error based on the differences between the measured and modeled engine states; generating model correction factors; and generating commands for adjusting the vane positions of the variable geometry turbocharger. An inverse engine observer model can generate the desired variable geometry turbocharger vane positions. The method can include generating feedback actuator commands in generating the desired variable geometry turbocharger vane positions. The correction factors can include fresh air, EGR and/or turbine mass flow correction factors.

Abstract: The inverse engine model or feed forward controller 310 takes the controlled state estimates 324 generated by the engine observer model 304, the model corrections 320 generated by the observer controller 306, desired state inputs 322 and various system parameters 326 and calculates desired engine state commands 330 and feed forward mass flow terms 332 to achieve the desired D/A and F/A values included in the desired state inputs 322. A fresh air and exhaust gas control method for an engine includes monitoring parameters of an engine in an operational state using a plurality of sensors and generating engine state estimates using an engine observer model. The engine observer model represents an intake manifold volume, an exhaust manifold volume, and a charge air cooler volume. The method also includes generating a turbocharger rotational speed estimate using a turbocharger model and calculating a fresh air flow correction factor.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow correction system and method are disclosed for an engine air system with air and EGR inputs to a mixer. The system includes three temperature sensors to measure temperatures of the air input, EGR input, and mixer output; and an air system model computing EGR flow corrections using the three temperatures. Air system can include intake manifold, charge air cooler (CAC), air throttle, EGR cooler and EGR valve, with first sensor between CAC and air throttle, second sensor between EGR cooler and EGR valve, third sensor in intake manifold. Air system model can estimate mass flows through air and EGR inputs, estimate intake manifold temperature at third sensor, estimate intake manifold temperature error, and compute EGR corrections based on temperature error. Air system model can estimate CAC and EGR cooler outlet temperatures, and mixer input temperature.

Abstract: Controlling an exhaust gas temperature of an engine. An electronic control unit receives a parameter setpoint command, monitors parameters of an engine using a plurality of sensors, receives measured engine states based on the monitored engine parameters from the plurality of sensors, generates measured engine state estimates and controlled engine state estimates using an engine observer model, determines an observer error based on a difference between the measured engine states and the measured engine state estimates, generates model corrections based on the observer error, generates a desired exhaust throttle valve position using an inverse engine model based on the parameter setpoint command, the controlled engine state estimates, and the model corrections, and adjusts a position of the exhaust throttle valve based on the desired exhaust throttle position.

Abstract: Controlling an exhaust gas temperature of an engine. An electronic control unit receives a parameter setpoint command, monitors parameters of an engine using a plurality of sensors, receives measured engine states based on the monitored engine parameters from the plurality of sensors, generates measured engine state estimates and controlled engine state estimates using an engine observer model, determines an observer error based on a difference between the measured engine states and the measured engine state estimates, generates model corrections based on the observer error, generates a desired exhaust throttle valve position using an inverse engine model based on the parameter setpoint command, the controlled engine state estimates, and the model corrections, and adjusts a position of the exhaust throttle valve based on the desired exhaust throttle position.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow correction system and method are disclosed for an engine air system with air and EGR inputs to a mixer. The system includes three temperature sensors to measure temperatures of the air input, EGR input, and mixer output; and an air system model computing EGR flow corrections using the three temperatures. Air system can include intake manifold, charge air cooler (CAC), air throttle, EGR cooler and EGR valve, with first sensor between CAC and air throttle, second sensor between EGR cooler and EGR valve, third sensor in intake manifold. Air system model can estimate mass flows through air and EGR inputs, estimate intake manifold temperature at third sensor, estimate intake manifold temperature error, and compute EGR corrections based on temperature error. Air system model can estimate CAC and EGR cooler outlet temperatures, and mixer input temperature.

Abstract: A fresh air and exhaust gas control method and system for an engine air system with an air throttle and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve. The method includes monitoring engine parameters; generating engine state estimates using an engine observer model; generating measured engine states based on the monitored engine parameters; computing observer error based on the differences between the measured and modeled engine states; generating model correction factors; and generating commands for adjusting the air throttle and EGR valve. An inverse engine observer model can generate the desired air throttle and EGR valve positions. The method can include generating feedback actuator commands in generating the desired air throttle and EGR valve positions. The correction factors can include fresh air, EGR and/or turbine mass flow correction factors.

Abstract: A variable geometry turbocharger control method and system for an engine air system with a variable geometry turbocharger having adjustable vanes. The method includes monitoring engine parameters; generating engine state estimates using an engine observer model; generating measured engine states based on the monitored engine parameters; computing observer error based on the differences between the measured and modeled engine states; generating model correction factors; and generating commands for adjusting the vane positions of the variable geometry turbocharger. An inverse engine observer model can generate the desired variable geometry turbocharger vane positions. The method can include generating feedback actuator commands in generating the desired variable geometry turbocharger vane positions. The correction factors can include fresh air, EGR and/or turbine mass flow correction factors.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a control system for a turbo-charged engine having a variable geometry turbine driving a compressor. An intake manifold temperature sensor senses an intake manifold temperature. An intake manifold pressure sensor senses an intake manifold pressure. A turbine inlet temperature sensor senses a turbine inlet temperature. A turbine inlet pressure sensor senses a turbine inlet pressure. A control unit generates a vane position control signal which is applied to a vane control input of the turbine. The control unit generates the vane position control signal as a function of turbine inlet temperature and turbine inlet pressure.