Abstract: Provided herein are methods to remineralize the demineralized areas of hard tissues. The disclosure provides for remineralizing methods and systems that utilize a jet stream laden with particles comprising at least calcium and phosphorus to remove demineralized zone and implant particles within the hard tissue to stimulate remineralization. Some aspects of the disclosure can be advantageously used to remineralize one or more of enamel, dentin, and bone.

Abstract: An abrasive water treatment method and apparatus includes supporting a metal workpiece on a workpiece support and arranging a nozzle above a target surface of the workpiece so that the nozzle is pointed towards the target surface of the workpiece. A pressurized fluid having entrained abrasive particles is then generated and discharged through the nozzle and toward the target surface of the workpiece. The nozzle is located a texturing standoff distance from the target surface such that the periphery of the pressurized fluid stream discharged from the nozzle expands after being discharged from the nozzle and prior to impinging upon the target surface of the workpiece. As a result, a textured surface is created on the workpiece.

Abstract: An abrasive water treatment method and apparatus includes supporting a metal workpiece on a workpiece support and arranging a nozzle above a target surface of the workpiece so that the nozzle is pointed towards the target surface of the workpiece. A pressurized fluid having entrained abrasive particles is then generated and discharged through the nozzle and toward the target surface of the workpiece. The nozzle is located a texturing standoff distance from the target surface such that the periphery of the pressurized fluid stream discharged from the nozzle expands after being discharged from the nozzle and prior to impinging upon the target surface of the workpiece. As a result, a textured surface is created on the workpiece.