Abstract: Isobutane and propane are separately charged to different catalytic dehydrogenation zones. The reaction products, including principally propylene and isobutylene, are combined, followed by separation of steam condensate, carbon dioxide and fuel gas from the mixture of effluents from the two separate dehydrogenation reaction zones. Propane and propylene are then separated from the isobutylene. The propylene product is recovered, and isobutylene is charged to an etherification reactor and there reacted with methanol to yield methyltertiarybutyl ether (MTBE). The etherification reactor effluent is fractionated to separate MTBE from n-butane and from isobutane. The latter is separated from n-butane and recycled to the isobutane dehydrogenation zone. Unreacted propane is also recovered and recycled.

Abstract: In a process for dehydrogenating alkanes having 2-5 carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of steam and a catalyst composition comprising Group IIA and/or IIB metal aluminate, Group VIII metal(s) and Group IVA metal compound(s), the improvement comprises the step of pretreating the alkane containing feed with a material comprising a Group IIA and/or Group IIB metal aluminate under non-dehydrogenating conditions.

Abstract: In a process for dehydrogenating alkanes containing 2-5 carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of steam and a catalyst composition comprising IIA and/or IIB metal aluminate, a noble metal and a Group IVA metal oxide, the improvement comprises the step of contacting the catalyst composition, after it has been oxidatively regenerated, with a reducing gas comprising free hydrogen and steam.

Abstract: A composition comprising a cracking catalyst having had deposited thereon an aluminum containing treating agent.

Abstract: A method to restore the activity of a cracking catalyst which has been deactivated at least partially by metals contamination which involves contacting the cracking catalyst with an aluminum containing treating agent.

Abstract: A method of restoring activity to a cracking catalyst which has been at least partially deactivated by metals contamination which involves contacting the cracking catalyst with a treating agent comprising a source of aluminum.

Abstract: A novel cracking catalyst, a method of preparing same and an improved hydrocarbon cracking process are provided wherein adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium, iron, copper and cobalt in the cracking catalyst are precluded or mitigated by contacting the cracking catalyst with (A) at least one of elemental antimony and compounds thereof and (B) at least one of element tin and compounds thereof whereby there is added to said catalyst a modifying amount of each of (A) and (B) with the weight ratio of antimony to tin being such as to provide passivation of the contaminating metals greater than the sum of the passivation effects of each of (A) and (B) individually. In general the ratio will be in the range of from 0.001:1 to 1000:1, and preferably will be in the range of 0.05:1 to 50:1.

Abstract: A cracking catalyst used to crack oil to produce gasoline or higher-boiling hydrocarbon fuel is contacted with both (A) antimony or a compound thereof such as antimony tris(0,0-dipropyl phosphorodithioate) and (B) a modifying composition consisting essentially of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur produced by the treatment of a metal salt of a dialkyl dithiocarbamate with a hydrolyzable germanium (IV) compound such as germanium tetrachloride, the contacting of the catalyst with (A) and (B) prior to, during, or after use of the catalyst in a cracking process being effective in precluding or reducing adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium, and iron.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon is catalytically cracked employing a cracking catalyst contacted with a treating agent selected from germanium and germanium compounds.

Abstract: A novel cracking catalyst, a method of preparing same and an improved hydrocarbon cracking process are provided wherein adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium, iron, copper and cobalt in the cracking catalyst are precluded or mitigated by contacting the cracking catalyst with (A) at least one of elemental antimony and compounds thereof and (B) at least one of element tin and compounds thereof whereby there is added to said catalyst a modifying amount of each of (A) and (B) with the weight ratio of antimony to tin being such as to provide passivation of the contaminating metals greater than the sum of the passivatiion effects of each of (A) and (B) individually. In general the ratio will be in the range of from 0.001:1 to 1000:1, and preferably will be in the range of 0.05:1 to 50:1.

Abstract: A cracking catalyst is contacted with barium or a compound thereof to mitigate the adverse effects of catalyst contaminants.

Abstract: A cracking catalyst used to crack oil to produce gasoline or higher-boiling hydrocarbon fuel is contacted with both (A) antimony or a compound thereof such as antimony tris(O,O-dipropyl phosphorodithioate) and (B) a modifying composition consisting essentially of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur produced by the treatment of a metal salt of a dialkyl dithiocarbamate with a hydrolyzable germanium (IV) compound such as germanium tetrachloride, the contacting of the ctalyst with (A) and (B) prior to, during, or after use of the catalyst in a cracking process being effective in precluding or reducing adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium, and iron.

Abstract: A combustion catalyst containing both manganese and antimony in a temperature range of above about 1260.degree. F. has been found to result in unexpectedly high CO.sub.2 /CO ratios in the regenerator off-gas when CO is combusted.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon is catalytically cracked employing a cracking catalyst contacted with a treating agent selected from germanium and germanium compounds.

Abstract: Gallium compounds are usefully employed to modify hydrocarbon cracking catalysts.

Abstract: A petroleum cracking catalyst having thereon metals usually found in petroleum, e.g., iron, nickel and vanadium, is modified by addition of potassium to increase significantly the rate of hydrogen production when employing the thus-modified catalyst for cracking of petroleum.

Abstract: Deposits on a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the cracking catalyst with tin and at least one of phosphorus or sulfur.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon is catalytically cracked employing a cracking catalyst contacted with a treating agent selected from germanium and germanium compounds.

Abstract: A cracking catalyst is contacted with barium or a compound thereof to mitigate the adverse effects of catalyst contaminants.

Abstract: Gallium compounds are usefully employed to modify hydrocarbon cracking catalysts.