Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus for ranging an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) in a Passive Optical Network (PON) is provided. An example method may include: (i) transmitting a ranging request from an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) to an ONT in connection with a transport layer ranging window; (ii) monitoring for a ranging response from the ONT during at least one physical layer ranging window within the transport layer ranging window, the transport layer ranging window having a duration longer than the physical layer ranging window; and (iii) determining at least one metric associated with the ranging response for use in connection with upstream communications between the ONT and the OLT. The metric(s), used in connection with upstream communications, are accurately determined, and communications faults during normal operations are thus reduced.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a computer-implemented method for indicating a status change associated with at least one data element among a plurality of data elements represented on at least one web page, the plurality of data elements resulting from a search of at least one database, includes displaying a separate image for each data element and displaying the plurality of images in distinct groups based upon the commonality of at least one characteristic of each data element included in each respective group. After the occurrence of a change of status of at least one among a data element and the image corresponding to said data element, at least one among at least one visible and at least one audible signal is provided to indicate said change of status has occurred.

Abstract: A reinforced liner for cured in place pipe rehabilitation of an existing pipeline having a plurality of high-strength low-elongation fiber bundles disposed circumferentially around the tubular liner at both inner and outer surfaces of a resin absorbent layer of the liner is provided. The bundles of reinforcing fibers are continuous lengths of high modulus fibers laid circumferentially with the ability to stretch to accommodate variations in host pipe diameter. The ends of reinforcing fibers on the inner and outer reinforcing layers overlap so that the ends slide past each other as the liner is expanded prior to cure. The reinforcing fibers may be secured to a porous scrim to form an inner tubular reinforcing layer. An outer layer of bundles of reinforcing fiber are formed into a tube about the absorbent layer. An outer impermeable tubular layer is wrapped around the inner layers.

Abstract: A reinforced liner for cured in place pipe rehabilitation of an existing pipeline having a plurality of high-strength low-elongation fiber bundles disposed circumferentially around the tubular liner at both inner and outer surfaces of a resin absorbent layer of the liner is provided. The bundles of reinforcing fibers are continuous lengths of high modulus fibers laid circumferentially with the ability to stretch to accommodate variations in host pipe diameter. The fibers on the inner surface are secured to a porous scrim to form an inner tubular reinforcing layer. A resin absorbent layer is formed into a tube about the inner layer. An outer layer of bundles of reinforcing fiber are formed into a tube about the absorbent layer. An outer impermeable tubular layer is wrapped around the inner layers. The reinforcing layer may include longitudinal reinforcing fiber in either or both reinforcing layers to increase the longitudinal strength of the liner.