Abstract: A purified factor isolated from human milk is provided. The factor is capable of inhibiting calcium-influx activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A method for purification of the factor is also provided.

Abstract: Methods for inducing calcium mobilization in cells through the application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (“nsPEFs”) are provided. The invention also provides a method of increasing intracellular calcium in cells through the application of nsPEFs. In one embodiment of the invention, the cells are human platelets, whereby activation and aggregation of the platelets is induced. Methods for treating an injury, trauma, or loss of blood in a subject, through the application of nsPEFs are also provided.

Abstract: A purified factor isolated from human milk is provided. The factor is capable of inhibiting calcium-influx activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A method for purification of the factor is also provided.

Abstract: A method for intracellular electro-manipulation is provided. The method includes applying one or more ultrashort electric field pulse to target cells in a tissue. The ultrashort electric field pulses have sufficient amplitude and duration to modify subcellular structures in the target cells and do not exceed the breakdown field of the medium containing the target cells. The ultrashort electric field pulses can be used to treat a neoplastic condition in a patient by applying one or more ultrashort electric field pulses to at least a portion of a neoplasm in vivo. Such treatments typically involve the application of electric field pulses which have a pulse duration of no more than 1 microsecond and an amplitude of at least 10 kV/cm. An apparatus for destroying target cells in vivo is also provided. The apparatus includes a pulse generator capable of producing one or more ultrashort electric pulse outputs and a delivery system capable of directing the electric pulse output to target cells in vivo.

Abstract: A method for intracellular electro-manipulation is provided. The method includes applying at least one ultrashort electric field pulse to target cells. The ultrashort electric field pulse has sufficient amplitude and duration to modify subcellular structures in the target cells and does not exceed the breakdown field of the medium containing the target cells. The amplitude and duration of the ultrashort electric field pulse are typically insufficient to substantially alter permeability of the surface membranes of the target cells, e.g., by irreversibly disrupting the cell surface membranes. An apparatus for intracellular electro-manipulation is also provided. The apparatus includes a pulse generator capable of producing an ultrashort electric pulse output and a delivery system capable of directing the electric pulse output to target cells.