Abstract: A carbon black reactor is characterized by a converging zone, a throat, a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone serially connected. Oil can be injected both upstream and downstream of the throat. Annular walls connect the throat with the first reaction zone and the first reaction zone with the second reaction zone.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor is characterized by a converging zone, a throat, a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone serially connected. Oil can be injected both upstream and downstream of the throat. Annular walls connect the throat with the first reaction zone and the first reaction zone with the second reaction zone.

Abstract: A new reactor for the production of carbon black, a method for the production of carbon black, and a carbon black are disclosed. The carbon blacks are characterized by a surface area preferably in the range of 70 to 150 m.sup.2 /g and "G" values of either less than 1.20 or greater than 1.85, corresponding to very narrow or very broad aggregate size distributions, respectively. The reactor is preferably for axial flow of combustion gases and is characterized by serial arrangement of a cylindrical combustion zone, a frustoconical converging zone, a throat, an abrupt diverging zone and a cylindrical pyrolysis zone. In certain aspects of the invention, the combustion gases are formed by combusting low BTU fuel and forcing these gases through the throat at a velocity approaching Mach 1. In one method of carbon black production, the feedstock is introduced into the converging zone. In another method, it is introduced as a spray.

Abstract: A process of separating ash and char and the partial combustion formation fo carbon black from coal wherein coal, fuel and air are introduced at the top of a down draft slagging combustor operating above the melting point of ash so that molten ash aggregates in the combustor and precipitates to the bottom of the combustor. After the molten ash as been precipitated, the remaining carbon black, flue gas and char are conveyed to a char removal chamber where char falls from the flue gas and carbon black. This carbon black and flue gas are then conventionally separated. Oxygen is added to maintain the temperature of the combustor for a sufficient time for the molten ash to aggregate and precipitate. Additionally, a flux such as calcium carbonate can be added to reduce the melting point of the ash.

Abstract: An axial flow carbon black reactor can be provided with multiple expansion steps in the reactor expansion zone, tangential air entries into the steps, tangential process air entry with straightening vanes in the converging zone to provide axial reactor flow, tangential process air entry using longitudinal baffles in the reactor expanded zone to provide axial reactor flow; multiple expansion steps with flow of fluid from the converging zone and into the steps and multiple step expansions of the reactor expansion zone with downstream sloping faces on the steps.

Abstract: In order to prevent burn-off of a radial feedstock nozzle in a carbon black reactor, resulting when the feedstock stopped flowing through the nozzle, a preselected minimum temperature of the feedstock tube actuates a mechanism to withdraw the feedstock from the hot zone of the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying pellets of particulate material such as carbon black is characterized by a columnar drying vessel containing inclined trays or screens positioned so that the pellets or particulates roll from screen to screen down the column. Preferably, the pellets are subjected to countercurrent flow of drying gases while flowing down the screens. In other aspects, carbon black is pelleted with a nonaqueous liquid pelleting fluid and dried with vapors of the same pelleting fluid.

Abstract: A new reactor for the production of carbon black, a new method for the production of carbon black, and a new carbon black are disclosed. The carbon blacks are characterized by a surface area preferably in the range of 70 to 150 m.sup.2 /g and "G" values of either less than 1.20 or greater than 1.85, corresponding to very narrow or very broad aggregate size distributions, respectively. The reactor is preferably for axial flow of combustion gases and is characterized by serial arrangement of a cylindrical combustion zone, a frustoconical converging zone, a throat, an abrupt diverging zone and a cylindrical pyrolysis zone. In certain aspects of the invention, the combustion gases are formed by combusting low BTU fuel and forcing these gases through the throat at a velocity approaching Mach 1. In one method of carbon black production, the feedstock is introduced into the converging zone. In another method, it is introduced as a spray.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying pellets of particulate material such as carbon black is characterized by a columnar drying vessel containing inclined trays or screens positioned so that the pellets or particulates roll from screen to screen down the column. Preferably, the pellets are subjected to countercurrent flow of drying gases while flowing down the screens. In other aspects, carbon black is pelleted with a nonaqueous liquid pelleting fluid and dried with vapors of the same pelleting fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing carbon black is comprised of an elongate outer housing having mounted therein a tubular member having a flow passage therethrough which forms a reaction zone of the apparatus. At the upstream end of the reaction zone, a perforate cage is provided which has a plurality of perforations through which air enters the interior of the cage to form a vortex flow path. The side wall of the cage is spaced from the interior surface of the housing providing an air flow path therebetween. The upstream end of the cage is a wall and has a centrally located opening therethrough which has an annular ring projecting therefrom to form a seal with another annular ridge which is in sliding and sealing engagement therewith. The seal prevents entry of air through the opening from the annular flow path to the interior of the cage. Coaxial tubes extend through the opening and into the cage and are operable to introduce fuel and make oil thereinto.