Abstract: The disclosure relates to an improved process for making alkanephosphonous acid esters which comprises: introducing a stoichiometric excess each of an alkyldihalogenophosphane and aliphatic alcohol into a reaction column and reacting them therein at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the reactants but lower than the boiling point of the resulting alkanephosphonous acid ester, this latter being obtained in the base portion of the reaction column and being removed therefrom; continuously expelling overhead of the reaction column a vaporous mixture consisting of by-products formed during the reaction, in the form of hydrogen halide and halide of the aliphatic alcohol, together with aliphatic alcohol in excess, and separating the mixture into its components in a series-connected distilling column, the aliphatic alcohol obtained in the base portion of the distilling column being removed therefrom and recycled into the reaction column, and selectively condensing the mixture issuing overhead with recover

Abstract: The invention relates to a process permitting the deposition of solid matter in mixtures containing methyldichlorophosphane to be avoided. To this end, the mixture is stabilized by admixing it with phosphoric acid or a soluble compound containing at least one acid group selected from phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonous acid, thiophosphoric acid or dithiophosphoric acid.

Abstract: Pure acetyl chloride containing less than 1 ppm of phosphorus is produced. To this end, crude acetyl chloride containing phosphorus compounds is intimately contacted with 1 to 20 liters of gaseous chlorine per liter of liquid crude acetyl chloride and the acetyl chloride so contacted with chlorine is subjected to fractional distillation.

Abstract: [2-(HALOGENOFORMYL)-VINYL]-ORGANYL-PHOSPHINIC ACID HALIDES OF THE GENERAL FORMULA ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 stands for an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a substituted derivative of these groups, R.sub.2 stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a substituted derivative of these groups, and X stands for a chlorine or bromine atom, are produced. To this end, a 2 halogenoacrylic acid or a substitution product thereof of the general formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.2 and X have the meanings given above, is reacted at 15.degree.-90.degree. C. with an organyldihalogenophosphane of the general formulaR.sub.1 --PX.sub.2in which R.sub.1 and X have the meanings given above.

Abstract: Methyl-[2-(2,4,6-tribromophenylcarbamoyl-)ethyl-]phosphinic acid is made continuously. To this end, molten 2-methyl-2,5-dioxo-1-oxa-2-phospholane is reacted with molten 2,4,6-tribromoaniline at 210.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the absence of a solvent.

Abstract: Aluminum salts of N-nitroso-N-alkylhydroxylamines are produced by the reaction of an aluminum salt with an alkali metal salt, alkaline earth metal salt and/or ammonium salt of an N-nitroso-N-alkylhydroxyl-amine and/or the aftertreatment of an appropriate aluminum salt in the presence of water and an organic solvent. The products have fungicidal properties and are starting materials for the production of fungicides for wood preservatives, colored surface coatings, synthetic resins and dye formulations.

Abstract: Production of N-substituted 2-carbamoyl phosphinic acids of the general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 stand independently of each other for an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a hydrogen atom; R.sup.4 stands for an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a hydrogen atom; and R.sup.5 stands for an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group. More specifically, a 2-chloroformyl phosphinic acid chloride of the general formula ##STR2## is reacted at 120.degree. to 170.degree. C with an amine of the general formula ##STR3## and resulting N-substituted 2-carbamoyl phosphinic acid chloride of the general formula ##STR4## the latter compound being obtained while hydrogen chloride is split off, is hydrolyzed with water.

Abstract: Builders for detergent and cleaning compositions. The builders comprise copolymers made from .alpha.-hydroxyacrylic acid and acrylic acid. The copolymers contain between 9 and 85 mol % of acrylic acid and have a relative viscosity within the range 0.05 and 1.0, determined on a 1 weight % solution of the copolymers in aqueous 2N-sodium hydroxide solution, at 20.degree. C.