Abstract: A method for functional monitoring of an electrical load, controlled by a control circuit, provides that defects in the load are detected by comparison of a signal which is used to control the load and a status signal which is passed back to the control circuit from the load. A short-circuit to ground or to the supply voltage and a cable failure can be confirmed by logical evaluation of the signals before, during and after a switching event. In this case, it is possible to differentiate between the individual defect cases.

Abstract: A filter for liquid fuels wherein a flanged end portion of the metallic case for filter elements is embedded in or bonded to the reinforced open end of a transparent injection-molded plastic cup. The connection includes an elastic plastic liner which may constitute a barrier against any direct contact between the cup and the case or is disposed between the inner side of the end portion of the case and a raised annular portion of the open end of the cup. The liner compensates for differences between the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials of the case and cup and insures that the connection is not only leakproof but also resistant to relatively high fluid pressures in the filter. If the end portion of the case is bonded to the open end of the cup, it has an inwardly extending collar which overlies a bead of the open end; the liner then consists of hot melt and fills a gap between the inner side of the collar and the adjacent shoulder of the bead.