Abstract: A system has a baseband gain stage to receive incoming in-phase and quadrature voltage signals and output in-phase and quadrature current signals, a mixer core arranged to receive the in-phase and quadrature current signals and output radio frequency signals, and a variable gain amplifier to receive the radio frequency signals and produce a broadband radio signal.

Abstract: A bi-directional bridge includes a forward bridge portion, and reverse bridge portion and a shared portion that enables the simultaneous measurement of power flowing in both directions while reducing insertion losses, providing better impedance matching and/or providing improved directionality. In some embodiments, additional attenuation is provided to reduce the common mode rejection requirements of detectors used with the bridge. In other embodiments, multi-tap attenuators and steering circuits may be integrated into the forward and/or reverse bridge portions to reduce common mode signal levels while still maintaining high levels of sensitivity for measuring small input signals.

Abstract: A transconductance gain stage including a pair of gain transistors, each gain transistor having a base and an emitter, the emitter of each gain transistor electrically coupled to a degenerating resistor, and the emitter of each gain transistor connected to a gain resistor.

Abstract: A transconductance gain stage including a pair of gain transistors, each gain transistor having a base and an emitter, the emitter of each gain transistor electrically coupled to a degenerating resistor, and the emitter of each gain transistor connected to a gain resistor.

Abstract: A system has a baseband gain stage to receive incoming in-phase and quadrature voltage signals and output in-phase and quadrature current signals, a mixer core arranged to receive the in-phase and quadrature current signals and output radio frequency signals, and a variable gain amplifier to receive the radio frequency signals and produce a broadband radio signal.

Abstract: A root-mean-square (RMS) detector includes detection circuitry having as an input a radio frequency signal, target voltage and a set voltage and a RMS signal as an output, and a gain stage within the detection circuitry to produce the RMS signal as an output. The gain stage provides for faster settling times of the detector.

Abstract: A root-mean-square (RMS) detector includes detection circuitry having as an input a radio frequency signal, target voltage and a set voltage and a RMS signal as an output, and a gain stage within the detection circuitry to produce the RMS signal as an output. The gain stage provides for faster settling times of the detector.

Abstract: A bi-directional bridge includes a forward bridge portion, and reverse bridge portion and a shared portion that enables the simultaneous measurement of power flowing in both directions while reducing insertion losses, providing better impedance matching and/or providing improved directionality. In some embodiments, additional attenuation is provided to reduce the common mode rejection requirements of detectors used with the bridge. In other embodiments, multi-tap attenuators and steering circuits may be integrated into the forward and/or reverse bridge portions to reduce common mode signal levels while still maintaining high levels of sensitivity for measuring small input signals.

Abstract: A quadrature demodulator preweights an input signal prior to mixing with in-phase and quadrature clock signals. In an implementation with discrete phase rotation, a series of weighting circuits may be arranged before or after a select circuit to select the amount of phase rotation. Various implementations may include ratioed current mirrors to perform the weighting function, a stacked arrangement of mixers, an H-bridge input stage, integrated mixers and select circuits, and/or selectable gain stages such as gm cells to perform the weighting function.

Abstract: A quadrature demodulator preweights an input signal prior to mixing with in-phase and quadrature clock signals. In an implementation with discrete phase rotation, a series of weighting circuits may be arranged before or after a select circuit to select the amount of phase rotation. Various implementations may include ratioed current mirrors to perform the weighting function, a stacked arrangement of mixers, an H-bridge input stage, integrated mixers and select circuits, and/or selectable gain stages such as gm cells to perform the weighting function.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier includes an attenuator having a plurality of pairs of tap points, and a plurality of pairs of gm cells, wherein each pair of gm cells is coupled to a corresponding pair of the tap points, and each pair of gm cells is constructed and arranged to operate as a multi-tanh cell.

Abstract: A quadrature demodulator preweights an input signal prior to mixing with in-phase and quadrature clock signals. In an implementation with discrete phase rotation, a series of weighting circuits may be arranged before or after a select circuit to select the amount of phase rotation. Various implementations may include ratioed current mirrors to perform the weighting function, a stacked arrangement of mixers, an H-bridge input stage, integrated mixers and select circuits, and/or selectable gain stages such as gm cells to perform the weighting function.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier includes an attenuator having a plurality of pairs of tap points, and a plurality of pairs of gm cells, wherein each pair of gm cells is coupled to a corresponding pair of the tap points, and each pair of gm cells is constructed and arranged to operate as a multi-tanh cell.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier includes an attenuator having a plurality of pairs of tap points, and a plurality of pairs of gm cells, wherein each pair of gm cells is coupled to a corresponding pair of the tap points, and each pair of gm cells is constructed and arranged to operate as a multi-tanh cell.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier includes an attenuator having a plurality of pairs of tap points, and a plurality of pairs of gm cells, wherein each pair of gm cells is coupled to a corresponding pair of the tap points, and each pair of gm cells is constructed and arranged to operate as a multi-tan h cell.

Abstract: A selectable-gain amplifier selectively couples different capacitors and feedback networks to a gain stage to provide operating characteristics that may include constant bandwidth operation. An interpolated VGA includes pairs of gm cells with cross-connected outputs and may include output cascodes. A dual-rank interpolator utilizes a correction current with a second-order temperature characteristic which may compensate for temperature effects in the transistor ranks.

Abstract: A switched-gain cascode amplifier changes gain by using a differential pair of cascode transistors to switch signal current to one of two different input terminals of a loading network. The load is connected to the loading network which attenuates the output signal by a different amount depending on which input terminal the signal is switched to. In a preferred embodiment, the cascode transistors are driven differentially to conserve power supply headroom, and the bondwire and leadframe inductance of an integrated circuit are utilized as elements of the loading network. The loading network can be extended to include several stages that are implemented as a ladder such as an R/2R ladder with multiple cascode transistors to provide uniform multiple gain steps.

Abstract: A charge pump in a phase locked loop is enabled only when a loop filter needs to be updated, thereby reducing the power consumption of the charge pump. The charge pump is enabled or disabled in response to an enable signal which is generated by a latch. The enable signal is activated by look-ahead signals which are activated in advance of either a pulse from a reference signal or a pulse from a variable signal so as to allow the charge pump to stabilize before providing the charge current to update the loop filter. Logic signals from a programmable divider and reference signal generator are used to generate the look-ahead signals. The charge pump is disabled by a reset signal from a phase-frequency detector after the loop filter is updated. The charge pump includes a current switch for generating source and sink charge currents in response to pump-up and pump-down control signals. A bias cell provides two reference signals to the current switch.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier uses a differential attenuator to provide a differential input to which a differential input signal is applied. The differential attenuator is comprised of (N-1) .pi. attenuator stages, with each stage forming a pair of attenuator taps for providing an attenuated version of the differential input signal. The differential input forms a high-impedance input, which is essentially floating. Each pair of taps is coupled to the differential inputs of a respective gm stage. The differential outputs of the gm stages are coupled to the differential inputs of a main amplifier, which has a high open-loop gain. The transconductance of each gm stage is controlled by an interpolator which provides a bias current to each of the gm stages in a sequential manner as a gain control voltage is swept from its minimum to its maximum values. The combination of the attenuated input voltage, the varying transconductances produces a gain response that is linear-in-dB relative to the gain control voltage.