Abstract: A measuring arrangement for redundantly determining a quantitative value of a current flow includes a first and second current-measuring modules connected in parallel, where the first current-measuring module includes a first analogue input and a first current measurement resistor and a voltage-measuring unit to determine the value of current flowing into the analogue input and through the first current measurement resistor, the second current measuring module includes a second analogue input and a second current measurement resistor and a voltage-measuring unit to determine the value of current flowing into the second analogue input and through the second current measurement resistor, and includes a control unit that detects a gradual change in voltages determined by the voltage-measuring units, and when gradual changes in the voltages that are counter to each other occur, a current-measuring module is excluded from the determination of the quantitative value of the current flow.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement for redundantly determining a quantitative value of a current flow includes a first and second current-measuring modules connected in parallel, where the first current-measuring module includes a first analogue input and a first current measurement resistor and a voltage-measuring unit to determine the value of current flowing into the analogue input and through the first current measurement resistor, the second current measuring module includes a second analogue input and a second current measurement resistor and a voltage-measuring unit to determine the value of current flowing into the second analogue input and through the second current measurement resistor, and includes a control unit that detects a gradual change in voltages determined by the voltage-measuring units, and when gradual changes in the voltages that are counter to each other occur, a current-measuring module is excluded from the determination of the quantitative value of the current flow.

Abstract: An apparatus, method for operating an automation device which includes a processor for directly executing function modules, where a function module selected as a component of an automation solution via a development environment, is converted into a code block via the development environment, where the code block includes a type identifier corresponding to the type of the particular function module, where inputs and outputs of the particular function module are mapped to simultaneously usable processor registers in the code block, a plurality of code blocks is processed by reading-in a particular code block by the processor and subsequently executing the code block to execute the automation solution, and where execution of the code block includes selecting a function unit from a plurality of function units based on the type identifier of the code block and activation of the selected function unit with the processor registers specified in the code block.

Abstract: An apparatus, method for operating an automation device which includes a processor for directly executing function modules, where a function module selected as a component of an automation solution via a development environment, is converted into a code block via the development environment, where the code block includes a type identifier corresponding to the type of the particular function module, where inputs and outputs of the particular function module are mapped to simultaneously usable processor registers in the code block, a plurality of code blocks is processed by reading-in a particular code block by the processor and subsequently executing the code block to execute the automation solution, and where execution of the code block includes selecting a function unit from a plurality of function units based on the type identifier of the code block and activation of the selected function unit with the processor registers specified in the code block.

Abstract: An input circuit for processing an analog input signal in the form of an analog measurement signal with a modulated additional signal and for converting the input signal into a serial bit stream having a frequency distribution of high levels which is proportional to the input signal, and a method for operating such an input circuit, the input circuit including a device for comparing an instantaneous voltage value of the input signal with a variable comparison value and a device for adapting the comparison value to an instantaneous value of the generated bit stream, is provided.

Abstract: An input circuit for processing an analog input signal in the form of an analog measurement signal with a modulated additional signal and for converting the input signal into a serial bit stream having a frequency distribution of high levels which is proportional to the input signal, and a method for operating such an input circuit, the input circuit including means for comparing an instantaneous voltage value of the input signal with a variable comparison value and means for adapting the comparison value to an instantaneous value of the generated bit stream is provided.

Abstract: A control system of a technical installation including at least one field device which makes available at least two redundant protocol values that are converted by the control system into a single non-redundant functional value is provided. The control system is provided with at least two redundant communication channels for converting the at least two redundant protocol values, the channels controlling the respective protocol value with respect to its exactitude and transmitting an exact protocol value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a calculating unit, whereon at least one part of the signals and a marking relating to the quality of the signals and an attribute relating to a current transmission frequency of the marking are attributed. The inventive signal also comprises a marking relating to the quality of the signals thereof, and an attribute relating to a current transmission frequency of the marking.

Abstract: A control system of a technical installation including at least one field device which makes available at least two redundant protocol values that are converted by the control system into a single non-redundant functional value is provided. The control system is provided with at least two redundant communication channels for converting the at least two redundant protocol values, the channels controlling the respective protocol value with respect to its exactitude and transmitting an exact protocol value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a calculating unit, whereon at least one part of the signals and a marking relating to the quality of the signals and an attribute relating to a current transmission frequency of the marking are attributed. The inventive signal also comprises a marking relating to the quality of the signals thereof, and an attribute relating to a current transmission frequency of the marking.