Abstract: The invention relates to a device for scanning an object using a scanning beam which is directed into a rotating deflector and which is diverted onto the object at a controllable diversion angle using a diverting unit that is arranged in a moveable manner. The diversion angle of the diverting unit is adjusted according to the centrifugal force acting upon said diverting unit and according to the rotational speed of the deflector.

Abstract: A step-up DC voltage converters circuit and method of operation which overcomes the problems associated with the prior art skip mode converters by reversing the flow of energy in the step-up DC voltage converter at the end of each switching cycle for a short constant time duration, thus making it possible to operate the step-up DC voltage converter over the full load current range at a fixed frequency which substantially facilitates filtering the output voltage. In addition to this the peak-to-peak output voltage ripple is less as compared to that of skip mode converters.

Abstract: A loss-of-ground protection circuit for an electronic relay including a control circuit driving a power transistor, and at least one cutoff transistor having a grounded control terminal, the cutoff transistor being interposed between the control circuit and a control terminal of the power transistor, and having a polarity such that loss of ground will cause the cutoff transistor to turn off.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing troublesome load change shocks caused by a combustion engine having a time delay in the transmission of the accelerator pedal commands to the output control element. In order to exclude undesirable influences on operation due to the time delay, the time delay is limited to a very narrow region around the location zero of the torque gradient in relation to time.

Abstract: A valve is provided comprising a nozzle body formed with an internal space having an axis and a single valve seat adapted to receive fuel under pressure. It further includes a single nozzle needle movable in said space relative to and axially of said valve seat; and means including a single spray passage communicating with said valve seat for discharging from said nozzle body a jet of fuel having a spray pattern and an angular orientation relative to said axis which varies as a function of the distance of the single needle from the single valve seat.