Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of producing sintered components, and sintered components by the method. The method provides a cost effective production of sintered steel parts with wear resistance properties comparable to those of components made from chilled cast iron.

Abstract: A method for generating a carrier frequency-modulated signal for the evaluation of n>2 photoelectric measurement signals which are generated by imaging a structured surface onto a spatial frequency filter and are phase-shifted with respect to one another is distinguished by the fact that the amplitudes of the measurement signals are serially interrogated in a predetermined interrogation cycle with a constant clock rate, and a sinusoidal signal is formed by filtering from the signal train, the carrier frequency of which signal is determined by the time for an interrogation cycle.

Abstract: An optical correlator having an imaging system for the non-contact measuring of the velocity and/or direction of motion and/or the distance of an object, and comprising at least one grating structure having lines thereon mounted at least in the vicinity of the image plane of the imaging system and at least one photoelectric receiver arranged after the grating structure in the direction of the light, the receiver converting the modulated light fluxes resulting from the grating structure into electrical signals, the improvement comprising a supplemental structural device inserted between the imaging system and the grating structure of the correlator for transforming spatial frequencies contained in the image of an object.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for measuring the movement of an object comprising an optical imaging device for producing an image of said object, a grating structure positioned to receive the image of said object produced by said imaging device, drive means for producing a periodic relative movement between said grating structure and the image formed thereon, means for generating reference signals corresponding to said periodic relative movement, photoelectric receiving means positioned for receiving light from said grating structure corresponding to the image thereon, said photoelectric receiving means producing electrical rotating field signals, a control circuit connected for receiving said reference signals and said electrical rotating field signals for producing control signals indicative of the movement of said object with respect to a direction of movement at least approximately parallel to said relative movement, and a bidirectional counter connected to receive said control signals for indicating the movemen

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the automatic evaluation of stereoscopic images by the determination of the maximum degree of correlation of identical images of an object reproduced by two objectives, for example for a range finder, wherein the two images are superimposed on one and/or two position frequency filters (82, 21, 31, 32) identical in their structures; the respective superimposed signal produced is fed respectively to one photoelectric receiver (13,14,43,44); and the output signals of the photoelectric receivers are used for indicating and/or control purposes. In one embodiment the position frequency filter (82) is moved and the output signals are correlated with each other. In another embodiment the output signals are subtracted from each other.

Abstract: A system for determining photoelectrically the position of at least one focus plane of an image within an optical apparatus, wherein the object is reproduced at least at one spatial frequency filter of an optical image correlator and there is measurement and/or display of the light fluxes leaving the local frequency filter.In this system light fluxes traversing differing pupil sections of the reproducing optics are modulated in common by a spatial frequency filter and are split up geometrically or physically, or by means of additional modulation in correspondence with the pupil sections. They are consecutively or simultaneously projected on a common photoelectric receiver or on separate photoelectric receivers, the output signals of which are processed further for purposes of controlling display and/or follow-up devices.

Abstract: Apparatus for the photoelectrical determination of the position of at least one focusing plane of an image comprising an imaging optics, at least one spatial frequency filter in the form of a structure or grating mounted in the vicinity of one image plane of said imaging optics, a photoelectric receiver system associated with the filter containing at least one detector and receiving light fluxes leaving this filter, at least one means for generating a relative motion between the structure or grating and the object image, and means for analyzing the output signals from the photoelectric receiver system for distance display and/or focusing of the apparatus. The apparatus is improved by having the imaging optics (10) preceded by wo rhombic prisms (19, 20) so that each pupil half obtains its light through one of the two prisms. A reference beam is provided to show and/or eliminate mechanical changes in the apparatus effecting faultiness of the measuring result.

Abstract: Method for no-contact measurement of the relative velocity, position, or displacement path of objects without special optical markers with respect to a reference position in at least one coordinate direction, or of the degree of image quality of an image wherein the apparatus images the object on a grating and the light fluxes leaving this grating are measured by means of photoelectric elements. The output signals of the photoelectric elements exhibit a frequency component proportional to the velocity of travel. The present invention is distinguished from the prior art by having a physical beam splitter (6,13) inserted in the imaging beam path in front of the grating (5,14), and preferably several polarizing beam splitters (7,30-33) with at least respectively one associated photoelectric receiver pair (10,11,16-19 16'-19') are connected after the grating (5,14).

Abstract: System for monitoring spaces by electro-optical means, using optical imaging means (1) capable of detecting objects present in the monitored spaces and beam splitting means (2) for grating resolution of the object images into geometric, mutually complementary components. The imaging and beam splitting means form a correlation imaging sensor system equipped with photoelectric detectors (4,5) for the purpose of separately converging light fluxes corresponding to the image components into analogue electrical signals, and electrical means for measuring the amplitudes and phases of the signals as well as their variations. The correlation sensor system analyzes these values with respect to presence and/or motion of objects within the monitored spaces.