Abstract: The device for repairing or renewing nozzles (1) of containers (2) consists of a surface-protected replacement nozzle (3) with an inner flange (4) and an outer flange (5), which is passed through the nozzle (1) to be repaired or through the associated container opening (6), so that the inner flange (4) annularly overlaps the inner container wall outside the container opening (6), and of a sealing ring (7) arranged between the inner flange (4) and the inner container wall. Under the effect of a clamping device (8,9,10), which is supported on one side by the outer container wall or by the original nozzle (1) and, on the other side, by the outer flange (5) of the replacement nozzle (3), the replacement nozzle (3) is fixed to the container (2) and, with the inner flange (4), pressed against the sealing ring (7) and the inner container wall.

Abstract: In the method for detecting the point of immersion or emergence of a solid or porous body into or out of a liquid, surface waves are generated in the liquid and the light coming from a light source and reflected on the surface of the liquid is scanned photoelectrically. Only the alternating light component of the reflected light is detected here and the rectified alternating light signal is compared with a preset threshold value. When the actual value falls below or exceeds the threshold value, a control signal is then generated which can be utilized for control or regulating actions. For detecting the alternating light component, the photoelectric scanning signal is differentiated. Advantageously, scanning of the surface of the liquid is carried out at a plurality of points. The resulting rectified alternating light components can subsequently be added up, and the total value can be compared with the preset threshold value.