Abstract: There is described a process for preparing a biodegradable polyester from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and a diol where in a first reaction step the aromatic acid is esterified with the diol, and in a second reaction step the aliphatic acid is added to the reaction mixture. Furthermore, there is described an apparatus for carrying out this process.

Abstract: A process for reducing the amount of hydroxyl-end-groups of a polyester, wherein the polyester is prepared from at least one dicarboxylic acid and at least one dihydroxy alcohol, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid anhydride and mono-isocyanate, and wherein the additive is added during a step of prepolycondensation and/or during a step of polycondensation and/or after a step of polycondensation.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for preparing polyesters comprising reacting a dicarboxylic acid with butanediol in the presence of a catalyst, wherein in the process an aluminosilicate is present, as well as the use of aluminosilicates in such a process.

Abstract: A cooled reactor for the production of dimethyl ether by catalytic dehydration of methanol in the gas phase, the reactor having an adiabatic catalyst bed as starting zone, a moderator zone cooled by direct or indirect heat exchange, and optionally an adiabatic catalyst bed as conditioning zone. The conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether is increased and the formation of undesired by-products is decreased.

Abstract: A cooled reactor for the production of dimethyl ether by catalytic dehydration of methanol in the gas phase, the reactor having an adiabatic catalyst bed as starting zone, a moderator zone cooled by direct or indirect heat exchange, and optionally an adiabatic catalyst bed as conditioning zone. The conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether is increased and the formation of undesired by-products is decreased.

Abstract: A process for continuous production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats by transesterification with methanol or ethanol to give crude fatty acid alkyl esters, subsequent washing with water in a wash column to remove water-soluble impurities, subsequent drying by vaporization of the water content and subsequent removal of steryl glycosides by adsorption onto calcium bentonite, wherein the adsorption column(s) used is/are regenerated in a first step, for desorption of the steryl glycosides, by rinsing with a mixture consisting of fatty acid alkyl esters and methanol or ethanol, and in a subsequent second step, for removal of methanol residues, by rinsing with fatty acid alkyl esters or with gaseous nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytically active composition that can be used for the production of polyesters. According to the invention, good polyester products can be obtained in this way without having to use antimony components.

Abstract: When producing biodiesel from fats, oils or split fatty acids rich in steryl glycosides, the light phase rich in fatty acid alkyl esters, which is obtained from the transesterification or esterification, is washed with water in a washing column, wherein the suspension layer formed is treated by stirring. In this way, the steryl glycosides are transferred into the light phase of the wash. In a subsequent treatment of the light washer phase with water in an intensive mixer, compact steryl glycoside/fatty acid alkyl ester/water agglomerates are obtained, which can easily be separated by means of centrifugation. From the light phase of centrifugation, on-spec biodiesel is obtained upon further processing by drying and/or filtration. This process is suitable for processing fats, oils or split fatty acids with a high content of steryl glycosides and avoids the use of auxiliary substances foreign to the process. It is characterized by simplicity of equipment and a low demand for energy.

Abstract: A method for the continuous extraction of impurities, in particular saponification products, from a fatty acid alkyl ester phase produced by transesterification of vegetable or animal oils or fats with a great tendency to form saponification products, by means of an aqueous, acid glycerol phase containing a complexing agent.

Abstract: A method for reprocessing a phase substantially consisting of steryl glycoside/fatty acid alkyl ester/water agglomerates, which was formed when fatty acid alkyl ester generated by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats was washed with water, wherein the water content is evaporated by heating the phase and subsequently the steryl glycosides are split into their sterol and sugar fractions in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method for the enzymatic breakdown of phosphorus-containing constituents and glycosides, in particular steryl glycoside, from crude oil or pre-degummed oil of vegetable or animal origin, wherein for both cases the addition of the enzymes is effected in one method step.

Abstract: A method for processing solid, organic wastes obtained in the production of vegetable oil, for example the production of palm oil, chiefly consisting of pressing residues of the oil plants and/or oil seeds and oil-containing waste water by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), wherein the oil present in the waste water in emulsified form is sorbed by the solids rich in carbon, which are obtained from the solid wastes.

Abstract: A process for continuous production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats by transesterification with methanol or ethanol to give crude fatty acid alkyl esters, subsequent washing with water in a wash column to remove water-soluble impurities, subsequent drying by vaporization of the water content and subsequent removal of steryl glycosides by adsorption onto calcium bentonite, wherein the adsorption column(s) used is/are regenerated in a first step, for desorption of the steryl glycosides, by rinsing with a mixture consisting of fatty acid alkyl esters and methanol or ethanol, and in a subsequent second step, for removal of methanol residues, by rinsing with fatty acid alkyl esters or with gaseous nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for reprocessing a phase substantially consisting of steryl glycoside/fatty acid alkyl ester/water agglomerates, which was formed when fatty acid alkyl ester generated by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats was washed with water, wherein the water content is evaporated by heating the phase and subsequently the steryl glycosides are split into their sterol and sugar fractions in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method of producing dimethyl ether by catalytic dehydration of crude methanol as feedstock in the gas phase includes providing the crude methanol from methanol synthesis, where the crude methanol having a total content of carbonyl compounds of not more than 100 wt-ppm, calculated, as mass equivalents of acetone. The crude methanol is evaporated, and the reaction temperature and reaction pressure are adjusted. A reactor filled with dehydration catalyst is charged with the evaporated crude methanol with a defined space velocity. A gaseous product mixture comprising dimethyl ether, non-reacted methanol and water is discharged. Cooling, partial condensation and separation of the gaseous product mixture are carried out so as to provide gaseous dimethyl ether, liquid water and methanol as products, and the methanol is recirculated.

Abstract: A method for the continuous extraction of impurities, in particular saponification products, from a fatty acid alkyl ester phase produced by transesterification of vegetable or animal oils or fats with a great tendency to form saponification products, by means of an aqueous, acid glycerol phase containing a complexing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures comprising at least one polyester precursor and at least one alkali- and/or alkaline-earth metal salt where the mixture contains at least one phosphonic acid ester of the Formula (I) (RO)OC—R?—PO(OR)2??(I) where independently R represents a group with 1 to 60 carbon atoms and R? represents a group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the polyester compositions which can be produced from the mixtures and to the resulting polyester films.

Abstract: A process for producing biodiesel from fats, oils or split fatty acids containing steryl glycosides, wherein the fats, oils or split fatty acids are reacted with short-chain alkanols in the presence of a catalyst by transesterification or esterification to a fatty acid alkyl ester to obtain a first product stream, includes washing the first product stream with water in a washing device, so as to form a suspension layer on a phase boundary layer between a heavy phase rich in water and the first light phase rich in the fatty acid alkyl ester. The suspension layer is treated by introducing kinetic energy. A second product stream is withdrawn from the first light phase and intensively mixed with water to obtain a third product stream. A mechanical separation is performed on the third product stream to provide a fourth product stream and a fifth product stream. The fifth product stream is withdrawn as a heavy phase that is enriched in the steryl glycosides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytically active composition that can be used for the production of polyesters. According to the invention, good polyester products can be obtained in this way without having to use antimony components.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of reducing acrolein byproduct from polytrimethylene terephthalate using selected phosphorous compounds to contact the polytrimethylene terephthalate or reactants in the process of producing polytrimethylene terephthalate. The selected phosphorous compounds are retained in the polytrimethylene terephthalate. The present invention also provides polytrimethylene terephthalate compositions containing amounts of phosphorous compounds.