Abstract: According to the invention a reference measurement is carried out without or with only one measurement object and the frequencies of the noise fraction are determined for the resulting frequency spectrum. Discrete measurement values are determined at equidistant sampling points in the form of complex-value overlays of oscillation functions and the noise and useful frequencies and by means of mathematical calculation methods corrected by the noise fractions. The measurement values corrected in this way are then subjected to a known method of frequency analysis.

Abstract: Signals are emitted with a FMCW sensor system, are received after reflection at targets and are processed to form a measured signal whose frequency spectrum is analyzed. Discrete, equidistant samples are stored and are arranged in a double Hankel matrix in the existing sequence. This matrix is diagonalized with a singular value decomposition, and an approximation is identified taking only the “principle values” into consideration, in order to calculate the frequencies and their amplitudes therefrom according to known methods.

Abstract: A switch mechanism for switching signals at inputs onto outputs and switching networks for interlinking first and second transmission media. Switching networks for interlinking first and second transmission media for the transmission of signals in frequency-division or space-division multiplex have a substantially simpler architecture in comparison to known switching networks. To that end, the switching networks are constructed with a new switch mechanism composed of a plurality of adjustable frequency converters of the input side, of a means for distributing the signals and of doubly adjustable frequency converters of the output side and/or of a plurality of doubly adjustable frequency converters of the input side, a means for distributing the signals and adjustable frequency converters of the output side. A simpler structure can be achieved in a known switching network of the Clos type in that shared-medium switches of two different types are employed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for illuminating a Bragg cell employ a laser which is directed at the Bragg cell with the focus of the laser beam being disposed outside of the Bragg cell, such as immediately preceding the leading edge of the Bragg cell or the crystal containing the Bragg cell. A spectral analyzer with a Bragg cell disposed therein and operated in this manner has a significantly lower noise background thereby decreasing the lower dynamic limit of the analyzer.

Abstract: A window function optimum for apodization of diffraction at an aperture of a Bragg Cell spectral analyzer. A window function is derived which is simpler to realize and which comes very close to an optimum window function.

Abstract: A Bragg cell spectral analyzer with a prism expansion system for a laser beam, which has a Gaussian cross-sectional distribution of light intensity, is generally superimposed with stray light, and is conducted along a path through the system to a Bragg cell characterized by an aperture diaphragm being positioned in the path before the prism expansion system with the diameter of the aperture being selected to be larger than the half-width value of the Gaussian cross-sectional distribution. The prism expansion system only expands the laser beam to such a degree that the half-width value of the Gaussian cross-sectional distribution is smaller than the diameter of an aperture of the Bragg cell. As a result thereof, the diffraction side lobes of the spectrum can be reduced by apodization relative to the principal maximum of the spectrum and stray light contained in the laser beam can be blanked out.

Abstract: The aim of the present disclosure is to provide an arrangement for the production of x-ray sectional pictures by means of which the layergram can be filtered in a rapid and simple manner. The recording medium possesses a modulation transmission function having high-pass or band-pass filter characteristics.

Abstract: A process of recording information which is in the form of electrical signals by pulse amplitude modulating an object wave and directing it with a reference wave onto a moving light-sensitive storage medium to record hybrid holograms thereon characterized in that the object beam is split into a plurality of parallel object beams each of which is individually and separately pulse modulated with a separate signal to be recorded, focusing the parallel modulated beams into an astigmatic object wave and focusing the reference wave into an astigmatic reference wave, with each wave having a focal line extending parallel to the direction of feed being coplanar and each wave having a focal line which is extending perpendicular to the direction of feed being mirror symmetrical to the storage medium. Preferably, the rate of advance or feed of the storage medium is controlled so that the individual holograms are overlapping.

Abstract: A device for the recording and reproduction of X-ray pictures utilizing a layer of amorphous selenium which is disposed in a housing, the selenium being carried by a thermoplastic layer, preferably having a further dielectric reflective layer interposed between the selenium and the thermoplastic layers, with an electrode being disposed at the other side of the selenium layer on the free surface thereof, at which side the X-ray beam impacts the device. The recorded structure may be read-out by the use of a schlieren or phase-contrast optic which is disposed to receive optical radiation reflected from the recorded structure, with the optical radiation being directed on the structure by a partially transmissive reflector disposed between such recorded structure and said optics, whereby reflected light from the structure may pass through the reflector to said optics, and focused, for example, on a viewing screen.

Abstract: A process for recording low-frequency, wide-band signals on a thermoplastic storage medium to obtain an improved signal-to-noise ratio characterized by exposing the thermoplastic storage medium with the information to be recorded and either simultaneously or in a sequential relation imposing a lattice signal onto the storage medium. In one embodiment of the process, the lattice signal is obtained by utilizing an optical grating which modulates light passing therethrough with the lattice signal. If the lattice signal is to be imposed simultaneously with the exposing of the information, the light containing the information is passed through the optical grating to have the lattice signal imposed thereon. In another embodiment, the lattice signal is imposed on the storage medium electronically by utilizing spaced electrode pairs which are energized either simultaneously with the exposing of the thermoplastic or in a sequential relation therewith.

Abstract: X-ray pictures are recorded and reproduced through techniques in which a housing, which contains a recording medium sensitive to X-rays is provided with an inlet window for the X-rays which consists of an electrode transparent for optical radiation. The housing is provided with an outlet window which is likewise transparent for optical radiation, and the recording medium is a thermoplastic layer which is arranged on an electrode also transparent for optical radiation on a similarly transparent substrate. The housing contains an inert gas at a pressure of at least 10 atmospheres.

Abstract: An arrangement for effecting holographic recording of information occurring in the form of electrical signals, wherein a coherent object wave which has been pulse modulated by an electrical signal is to be recorded, and a coherent reference wave is used to produce a unidimensional hologram upon a moving photosensitive storage medium, and a divergent reference wave and a convergent object wave, or a convergent reference wave and a divergent object wave, or two convergent reference and object waves or two divergent object and reference waves are used. The present invention defines the equation for the position of the reference and object points so as to provide accuracy in reproducing the holograms.