Abstract: Systems and methods utilizing the network layer and/or application layer to provide security in distributed computing systems in order to thwart denial of service attacks. The systems and methods of the present invention utilize puzzles placed at the network layer level and/or application layer level to protect against denial of service attacks. Further, the systems and methods of the present invention advantageously provide a robust and flexible solution to support puzzle issuance at arbitrary points in the network, including end hosts, firewalls, and routers and thereby a defense against denial of service attacks.

Abstract: Hollow, cylindrical, seamless metal master for producing seamless diffuser sheets of preselected length and width. Additional aspects of the invention include a hollow cylindrical seamless invertible elastomeric master and method of making the same and an apparatus and process for effecting variable diffuser recording in photosensitive medium.

Abstract: Computational puzzles are parameterized by a difficulty variable which may be assigned based on at least one component from the group of components: time component, location component, reputation component, usage component, content component, and social networking component. For example, in one embodiment, the proof-of-work puzzle comprises a location component directed by the geographic location of the client that can be applied to any web transaction or application. One such application involves online ticket sales including those that employ purchasing robots. Another application involves accessing and using webmail.

Abstract: Systems and methods utilizing the network layer and/or application layer to provide security in distributed computing systems in order to thwart denial of service attacks. The systems and methods of the present invention utilize puzzles placed at the network layer level and/or application layer level to protect against denial of service attacks. Further, the systems and methods of the present invention advantageously provide a robust and flexible solution to support puzzle issuance at arbitrary points in the network, including end hosts, firewalls, and routers and thereby a defense against denial of service attacks.

Abstract: A cubicle jack, including a base; a vertical member joined to the base, a winch joined to the vertical member, a pulley joined to the vertical member, a cable communicating between the winch and pulley; and a connector joined to the cable, the connector having hooks adapted to secure to a cubicle wall; and mechanism for elevating the connector relative to a cubicle wall.

Abstract: Hollow, cylindrical, seamless metal master for producing seamless diffuser sheets of preselected length and width. Additional aspects of the invention include a hollow cylindrical seamless invertable elastomeric master and method of making the same and an apparatus and process for effecting variable diffuser recording in photosensitive medium.

Abstract: Hollow, cylindrical, seamless metal master for producing seamless diffuser sheets of preselected length and width. Additional aspects of the invention include a hollow cylindrical seamless invertable elastomeric master and method of making the same and an apparatus and process for effecting variable diffuser recording in photosensitive medium.