Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a modular fuel injector (100). In particular, the disclosure relates to a “top in bottom out” fuel injector (100) comprising a housing (102) having a fluid inlet (202) at a first, upstream, longitudinal end of the housing (102) and a fluid outlet (108) at a second, downstream, longitudinal end of the housing (102). The injector (100) comprises a plunger (222), and in an open configuration, permits fluid flow from the fluid inlet (202) to the fluid outlet (108) along a flow path comprising a flow path section extending along a longitudinal axis of the housing (102). A fuel injection system is also disclosed. (FIG.

Abstract: A three-way valve is provided. The three-way valve comprises a housing having three successive openings interconnected by a fluid flow path; a vent ball and a corresponding vent ball seat; a supply ball and a corresponding supply ball seat; and a separator pin between, and configured to bear against, the vent ball and the supply ball. The valve further comprises: a resilient element for biasing the supply ball towards the supply ball seat. A damper is also provided.

Abstract: A modular fuel injector (100) is provided. The modular fuel injector (100) comprises a housing (102) comprising a housing inlet (400), a valve port (402), and a housing outlet (404); and a valve (104) coupled to the housing (102) via the valve port (402), wherein the housing inlet (400) comprises a coupling configured to engage with an inlet insert (106) configured to engage with a fuel supply and/or the housing outlet (404) comprises a coupling configured to engage with an outlet insert (108) comprising a fuel injector tip. A fuel injection system is also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a valve assembly comprising a valve housing. The valve housing comprises a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a valve opening, and a valve seat surrounding the valve opening, The valve opening is disposed between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The valve assembly further comprises a ball valve element disposed within the valve housing, a spring arranged to urge the ball valve element onto the valve seat to close the valve opening, and a drive pin having a first end and a second end, the drive pin being aligned with the valve opening. The valve assembly is movable between a closed position, in which the ball valve element is held in the valve seat by the spring, closing the valve opening, and an open position, in which the first end of the drive pin extends through the valve opening to push the ball valve element away from the valve seat, opening the valve opening. At least one of the spring, ball valve element, valve seat, and first end of the drive pin includes a hard surface treatment.