Abstract: A method and apparatus for direct energy conversion that combines the properties of Type II superconductor thin films, including the Meissner effect to create vortices to control and modulate static flux coupled in a magnetic circuit, where the laws of induction are used to produce an electrical signal without the use of moving armatures. The dynamics of magnetic flux modulation results from suppression of superconductivity and the Meissner effect by external photon irradiation. The apparatus employs a vortex channel based on the Meissner Effect, a laser, a permanent magnet, fiber optics for carrying the laser beam to the vortex channel, and a transformer composed of two separate windings. The transformer windings are arranged in a circuit having a first path through the permanent magnet and a first coil of the transformer windings; and a second path through the permanent magnet, the vortex channel, and the second coil of the transfer windings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for direct energy conversion that combines the properties of Type II superconductor thin films, including the Meissner effect to create vortices to control and modulate static flux coupled in a magnetic circuit, where the laws of induction are used to produce an electrical signal without the use of moving armatures. The dynamics of magnetic flux modulation results from suppression of superconductivity and the Meissner effect by external photon irradiation. The apparatus employs a vortex channel based on the Meissner Effect, a laser, a permanent magnet, fiber optics for carrying the laser beam to the vortex channel, and a transformer composed of two separate windings. The transformer windings are arranged in a circuit having a first path through the permanent magnet and a first coil of the transformer windings; and a second path through the permanent magnet, the vortex channel, and the second coil of the transfer windings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for direct energy conversion that combines the properties of Type II superconductor thin films, including the Meissner effect to create vortices to control and modulate static flux coupled in a magnetic circuit, where the laws of induction are used to produce an electrical signal without the use of moving armatures. The dynamics of magnetic flux modulation results from suppression of superconductivity and the Meissner effect by external photon irradiation. The apparatus employs a vortex channel based on the Meissner Effect, a laser, a permanent magnet, fiber optics for carrying the laser beam to the vortex channel, and a transformer composed of two separate windings. The transformer windings are arranged in a circuit having a first path through the permanent magnet and a first coil of the transformer windings; and a second path through the permanent magnet, the vortex channel, and the second coil of the transfer windings.

Abstract: A hybrid solar collector and geothermal system collects low grade heat energy derived from the sun. A simple heat engine converts this energy into mechanical energy, and then into electrical energy using an air-motor-generator setup, by exploiting the difference in temperature between the solar collector and the geothermal heat sinks. Waste heat trapped in an attic is directed to the solar collector to supplement the collection of low grade heat energy. In addition, cryogenic liquid is used to create the temperature difference in the geothermal heat sink when low grade heat energy is unavailable. This system does not produce any CO2 because it does not use combustion to produce electricity.

Abstract: The hybrid solar collector and geothermal system collects low grade heat energy derived from the sun. A simple heat engine converts this energy using conventional methods of power conversion. By exploiting the difference in temperature between the Hybrid Solar collector and the Geothermal heat sink, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy without the use of combustion. The device does not produce any CO2 because it does not use combustion to produce electricity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for direct energy conversion employs modulated static magnetic flux emanating from the pole of a permanent magnet. Photon Cooper pair breaking is used to force a quantum state in Type II superconductor thin films by modulating a vortex channel made up of a bundle of vortex tubes isolated from each other for channeling static magnetic flux. Flux quanta are pinned inside the vortex channel by the magnetic interaction of the Meissner effect, atomic elastic forces, and an effect of electrons moving on the surfaces of the vortex tubes, and a massive shift in the permeability at the front of vortex channel. Static flux conducted through the vortex channel while in a superconducting state is modulated by forcing a quantum state of the Cooper pairs to toggle the vortex channel in and out of a superconducting state, which modifies its permeability up to 1×106 &mgr.

Abstract: The apparatus for cooling a high power electrical transformer and electrical motors uses thermally conductive material interleaved between the turn layers of a high power transformer and iron core laminates to provide a low resistant thermal path to ambient. The strips direct excess heat from within the interior to protrusions outside of the windings (and core) where forced air or thermally conductive potting compound extracts the heat. This technique provides for a significant reduction of weight and volume along with a substantial increase in the power density while operating at a modest elevated temperature above ambient.

Abstract: The apparatus for cooling a high power electrical transformer and electrical motors uses thermally conductive material interleaved between the turn layers of a high power transformer and iron core laminates to provide a low resistant thermal path to ambient. The strips direct excess heat from within the interior to protrusions outside of the windings (and core) where forced air or thermally conductive potting compound extracts the heat. This technique provides for a significant reduction of weight and volume along with a substantial increase in the power density while operating at a modest elevated temperature above ambient.