Abstract: An electric cigarette has a heating coil (24) and a wick (20) which is in contact with the heating coil (24) at at least one point. The two ends (26, 28) of the heating coil (24) are arranged in an insulating body (30). A dimensionally stable tube socket (64) is fastened on the insulating body (30). A reservoir (60) which communicates with the wick (20), is arranged in a ring-shaped manner about the tube socket (64). The insulating body (30) and the reservoir (60) are surrounded by a tubular housing (70). According to the invention, each of the two ends (26, 28) of the heating coil (24) is clamped and contacted individually in the insulating body (30), in each case by means of one contact (40, 42). Such an electric cigarette can be produced by a first unit of wick (20), heating coil (24), insulating body (30) and contacts (40, 42) being produced and a second unit of tube socket (64) and reservoir (60) being produced.

Abstract: Biological compositions which induce sleep of the slow-wave type which comprise biological carriers and sleep-inducing muramyl peptides such as acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and derivatives thereof and methods of using such compositions.

Abstract: The compounds have the structure 2-(2-amino or alkyl-amido-2-desoxy-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-alkanyl-dipeptide, possibly substituted on the saccharide residue the amino acid residue at the end of the peptide chain being a D-glutamyl residue whose .alpha.-carboxy function is esterified and .gamma.-carboxyl function amidated. The compounds are valuable as immunological medicaments.

Abstract: The novel products are water-soluble oligomers, free of N-acetyl-glucosamine units, and of which the monomer elements include a group derived from muramic acid on which is fixed a chain of the peptide type including at least two aminoacyl residues, the first being selected from among: L-alanyl, L-arginyl, L-asparagyl, L-histidyl, L-hydroxyprolyl, L-isoleucyl, L-leucyl, L-methionyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-prolyl, L-seryl, L-threonyl, L-tryptophanyl, L-valyl, and the second aminoacyl is D-glutamyl or D-isoglutaminyl. They are useful for their immunoregulator properties and for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the muramyl-peptide type and to their uses. The muramyl-peptides according to the invention comprise at least two aminoacyl residues in the peptide chain, the second of these aminoacyl residues being D-glutamyl, and they are characterized in that the nitrogen of the first amino-acyl, and forming part of the pepetide linkage connecting the muramyl group to the peptide residue, is substituted by an alkyl group. These compounds are useful notably for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions, in particular by reason of their regulatory properties on the immune responses of the organism.

Abstract: A polymer of peptidic type formed by a chain formed from aminoacyl residues preferably derived of at least one of the amino-acid residues selected from the class consisting of .alpha.,.gamma.-diaminobutyric acid, ornithine, lysine, homo-lysine, of which the lateral amino functions portionally carry peptide branches of which the aminoacyl residues are preferably derived of those selected from the class consisting of alanine, glycine, .alpha.-aminobutyric acid, valine, leucine and proline, the above-said peptide polymer having an average molecular weight comprised between about 50,000 and 250,000, and to which are bound covalently, muramyl-peptide units of which the two first aminoacid residues bound to the muramyl group are stereoisomers of the D series, the second aminoacid residue having the structure of the glutamic acid.This product is useful as anti-infectious agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compounds useful notably as regulator of immune responses and which are derivatives of muramyl peptides substituted at the end of the peptide chain by a group containing at least four carbon atoms.

Abstract: Water soluble agents effective as immunological adjuvants for stimulating in the host the immune response to various antigens, comprising an acyl-muramic acid group, wherein acyl means acetyl or glycolyl, and a short peptide chain linked to said acyl-muramic acid group, the first and second amino acids of said peptide chain being preferentially alanine and glutamic acid respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compounds associating peptidyl or aminoacyl residues to lipophilic groups and pharmaceutical compositions containing said new compounds.The compounds according to the invention have the general formula: ##STR1## A preferred compound is:1-O (L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-alanyl)-glycerol-3-mycolate.These compounds are useful as anti-infectious agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for increasing the resistance of the organism to pathogenic germs and to compositions to carry out said method.In this method, one administers an effective dose of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine or analogs responding to the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is OH or NH.sub.2, R.sub.2 is OH, NH.sub.2 or a peptidic residue containing from 1 to 6 aminoacids,with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not simultaneously NH.sub.2.

Abstract: Water soluble agents effective as immunological adjuvants for stimulating in the host the immune response to various antigens, comprising an acyl-muramic acid group, wherein acyl means acetyl or glycolyl, and a short peptide chain linked to said acyl-muramic acid group, the first and second amino acids of said peptide chain being preferentially alanine and glutamic acid respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates more particularly to the diamide of the 2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-propionyl-L-alanyl-D-glutam ic acid, to the pharmaceutical compositions containing said compound in association with a pharmaceutical vehicle. Of particular interest are the oil-free compositions containing said compound, particularly the oil-free aqueous sterile isotonic injectable solutions. These compositions are useful as adjuvants for enhancing the immune response to vaccinant antigens, particularly weak immunogens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining agents having mitogenic and/or adjuvant properties, from Nocardia cells.According to this process Nocardia whole cells are subjected to a rupturing treatment of their walls within an aqueous medium, particularly distilled water. After the separation of the non-ruptured cells and of the wall fragments of the ruptured cells, mitogenic agents are extracted from the remaining aqueous phase. The fractions obtained are useful as laboratory reagents and for the production of medicamentous compositions in which they are associated with a pharmaceutical vehicle.

Abstract: Water soluble agents effective as immunological adjuvants for stimulating in the host the immune response to various antigens, comprising an acyl-muramic acid group, wherein acyl means acetyl or glycolyl, and a short peptide chain linked to said acyl-muramic acid group, the first and second amino acids of said peptide chain being preferentially alanine and glutamic acid respectively.

Abstract: The adjuvant is 2-(p-amino-phenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-propionyl-L- alanyl-D-isoglutamine, which compound in its .beta. glucoside form, corresponds with the formula ##STR1## It is notably useful for favoring immunitory responses relative to antigens of low immunogenicity.

Abstract: The invention pertains to drug oil-free compositions, notably aqueous injectable compositions acting as non-specific adjuvants to stimulate in a host the immune responses to different antigens. The active principle of these oil-free compositions is N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid.

Abstract: The invention pertains to drug oil-free compositions, notably aqueous injectable compositions acting as non-specific adjuvants to stimulate in a host the immunitary responses to different antigens. The active principle of these oil-free compositions is N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine.

Abstract: The invention relates to new water-soluble agents which are effective as immunizing adjuvants. These adjuvant agents are the methyl, ethyl or propyl esters of 2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-propionyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglu tamine and of 2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-propionyl-L-alanyl-D-glutam ic acid, the 2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-propionyl-L-alanyl-D-(.alph a.-methylamide)-glutamic and 2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-propionyl-L-seryl-D-isoglut amine, the 2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-propionyl-L-seryl-D-glutami c acid and their derivatives. They are particularly useful to prepare adjuvant medicinal compositions, used for increasing the efficiency of vaccines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel immunological agents effective as adjuvants for stimulating an immune response to various types of antigens. The adjuvants do not cause objectionable reactions and they are easily purified. The invention additionally relates to a process for producing the novel adjuvants.

Abstract: Stabilized water-in-oil emulsions containing metabolizable vegetable oil, water in a quantity less than the oil and a non-immunogenic stabilizing protein in a quantity suitable to ensure the stability of the emulsion. Compositions which contain such an emulsion and a water soluble adjuvant and/or a vaccinating antigen in solution or suspension in the emulsion. A kit containing the above.