Abstract: A process for decreasing contamination of a commercial refining process by vanadyl porphyrins and/or nickel porphyrins by allowing rapid screening of porphyrins directly from asphaltenes isolated from crude oil without enrichment by use of positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). Sodium formate is utilized as a ESI spray modifier. The vanadyl porphyrins are detected predominantly as sodiated species, while nickel porphyrins are observed as both sodiated species and molecular ions. Crude oil feedstocks exceeding a defined threshold concentration of vanadyl porphyrins and/or nickel porphyrins are rejected or diluted prior to utilization as refinery feedstock. Certain embodiments additionally quantitate both deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrins and etioporphyrin content (and their ratio) to predict crude oil thermal maturity.

Abstract: A piston actuated cartridge valve (PACV) can be formed within a fluid fitting such as a tee or cross member in a fluid piping system. The PACV includes a base mount extending between first and second ends having a stop and a slide positioned therein. The slide is movable between a closed position and a fully open position by an actuation piston and spring working in combination. The slide permits fluid flow therethrough in the open position and restricts fluid flow in the closed position.

Abstract: A process comprising a heterogenous reaction between a solid metal organic framework supported heteropolyacid catalyst and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for decreasing contamination of a commercial refining process by vanadyl porphyrins and/or nickel porphyrins by allowing rapid screening of porphyrins directly from asphaltenes isolated from crude oil without enrichment by use of positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). Sodium formate is utilized as a ESI spray modifier. The vanadyl porphyrins are detected predominantly as sodiated species, while nickel porphyrins are observed as both sodiated species and molecular ions. Crude oil feedstocks exceeding a defined threshold concentration of vanadyl porphyrins and/or nickel porphyrins are rejected or diluted prior to utilization as refinery feedstock. Certain embodiments additionally quantitate both deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrins and etioporphyrin content (and their ratio) to predict crude oil thermal maturity.

Abstract: A solid metal organic framework composition comprising a solid metal organic framework supported heteropolyacid wherein the heteropolyacid loading is greater than 25% by weight; and the pore volume is less than 2.0 mL/g.

Abstract: A process comprising a heterogenous reaction between a solid metal organic framework supported heteropolyacid catalyst and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A solid metal organic framework composition comprising a solid metal organic framework supported sulfonic acid wherein the sulfur content is greater than 0.5 mmol/gram.

Abstract: A process comprising a heterogeneous reaction between a solid metal organic framework supported catalyst and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process comprising a heterogeneous reaction between a solid metal organic framework supported sulfonic acid and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A solid metal organic framework composition comprising a solid oxyanion-modified metal organic framework wherein the oxyanion loading is at least 2 per node.

Abstract: A process comprising a heterogeneous reaction between a solid oxyanion-modified metal organic framework and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process comprising a heterogeneous reaction between a solid oxyanion-modified metal organic framework and a hydrocarbon feed to form a modified hydrocarbon stream. The modified hydrocarbon stream comprises essentially of C6+ hydrocarbons.