Abstract: Extensible markup language schemas for bibliographies and citations facilitate utilization of bibliographic information. For example, a schema utilization module may enable the creation, modification, interpretation, etc. of a schema for bibliographic information. A schema utilization module may be an independent program, part of an application program, and so forth. A schema for bibliographic information defines a framework for bibliographic information. The bibliographic information may be embedded in a document, embodied as a master list, and so forth. In a described implementation, the schema for bibliographic information comports with an open-standard such as extensible markup language (XML). The schema enumerates multiple source types and the data types associated therewith.