Abstract: The invention relates to a process carried out continuously in one or more reactors connected in series for the preparation of sodium titanate nanotubes and their derivatives obtained by ion exchange and/or thermal treatment, by reacting titanium oxides with sodium hydroxide under suitable hydrothermal conditions to obtain or control the morphology of nanostructural titanates. The reaction mixture is introduced continuously into the reactor at a feed rate that is the same as the rate of discharge of the product. When more than one reactor is used, the material leaving the first reactor is used to feed the next reactor, and a differential of temperature is applied between the reactors in such a way as to obtain in the average, a temperature of between 60° C. and 180° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and equipment for fluid catalytic cracking for the production of middle distillates of low aromaticity that comprises cracking a mixed feed consisting of heavy fractions of hydrocarbons, in the absence of added hydrogen and employing a catalyst of low activity and low acidity, in a dense-bed FCC reactor to produce an effluent constituted of fractions of middle distillates and naphtha of low aromaticity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for the preparation of sodium titanate nanotubes and their derivatives obtained by ion exchange and/or thermal treatment, by reacting titanium oxides with sodium hydroxide under suitable hydrothermal conditions to obtain or control the morphology of nanostructural titanates. The method is carried out continuously in one or more reactors connected in series, where the reaction mixture is introduced continuously into the reactor at a feed rate that is the same as the rate of discharge of the product. When more than one reactor is used, the material leaving the first reactor is used to feed the next reactor, and preferably a temperature differential is applied between the reactors in such a way as to obtain a mean temperature of between 60 and 180° C., and the overall reaction time is short, being about 90 minutes or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and equipment for fluid catalytic cracking for the production of middle distillates of low aromaticity that comprises cracking a mixed feed consisting of heavy fractions of hydrocarbons, in the absence of added hydrogen and employing a catalyst of low activity and low acidity, in a dense-bed FCC reactor to produce an effluent constituted of fractions of middle distillates and naphtha of low aromaticity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons using a downflow reactor and a catalyst with an Akzo Accessibility Index (AAI) of at least 3.5. This process combines the advantages of the use of downflow and riser reactors: minimal overcracking and high conversion of the higher boiling fraction. The use of a downflow reactor minimizes overcracking, while the cracking catalyst facilitates high conversions, even for high-boiling fractions in the feed.