Abstract: The invention relates to the online regulation of a batch process in a bioreactor. According to the invention, spectra of the actual charge in the bioreactor are recorded at successive points during the running batch process. A measuring vector is produced, for each spectrum, in the low-dimensional main constituent region by the main constituent analysis of the high-dimensional spectra. The deviation is calculated between the measuring vector and a corresponding vector of a nominal trajectory consisting of measuring vectors of a reference charge, which are determined in an earlier batch process, and at least one adjustment operation for the batch process is determined and carried out according to said deviation. The direction of the adjustment operation is maintained when the deviation determined from one point to the next decreases, and modified when the deviation determined from one point to the next remains the same or increases.

Abstract: There is described a diagnosis method and a system including a structure-born noise sensor which transmits, in a bandpass filtered manner, a measuring signal based on the mechanical resonance frequency and capacity thereof and on an inductance and an evaluating device in which the frequency, at which the measuring signal level exceeds a predetermined threshold value, is defined and which is used for producing an error signal, when the frequency exceeds a second predetermined threshold value. As far as the diagnosis performance requires a small number of electronic components and a low power supply, the diagnostic is integrated into existing devices, in particular into process instrumentation field devices for which a restricted quantity of operating power is available. The method and the system are used for identifying a valve leakage with the aid of an electro-pneumatic positional regulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for data transmission, comprising the following steps: first data from a stochastic process is inputted into at least a first and a second subscriber of a communication network; and a symmetrical key is produced on the basis of the first data in both the first and the second subscriber, and stored in the same, for an encoded data transmission between said subscribers.

Abstract: There is described a diagnosis method and a system comprising a structure-born noise sensor which transmits, in a bandpass filtered manner, a measuring signal based on the mechanical resonance frequency and capacity thereof and on an inductance and an evaluating device in which the frequency, at which the measuring signal level exceeds a predetermined threshold value, is defined and which is used for producing an error signal, when the frequency exceeds a second predetermined threshold value. As far as the diagnosis performance requires a small number of electronic components and a low power supply, the diagnostic can be integrated into existing devices, in particular into process instrumentation field devised for which a restricted quantity of operating power is available. The method and the system can be used for identifying a valve leakage with the aid of an electro-pneumatic positional regulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to the online regulation of a batch process in a bioreactor. According to the invention, spectra of the actual charge in the bioreactor are recorded at successive points during the running batch process. A measuring vector is produced, for each spectrum, in the low-dimensional main constituent region by the main constituent analysis of the high-dimensional spectra. The deviation is calculated between the measuring vector and a corresponding vector of a nominal trajectory consisting of measuring vectors of a reference charge, which are determined in an earlier batch process, and at least one adjustment operation for the batch process is determined and carried out according to said deviation. The direction of the adjustment operation is maintained when the deviation determined from one point to the next decreases, and modified when the deviation determined from one point to the next remains the same or increases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for data transmission, comprising the following steps: first data from a stochastic process is inputted into at least a first and a second subscriber of a communication network; and a symmetrical key is produced on the basis of the first data in both the first and the second subscriber, and stored in the same, for an encoded data transmission between said subscribers.

Abstract: A method for preventing or minimizing operational failures in a technical installation (1) is disclosed, in which, in accordance with influence quantities (17) accessible by a control system, at least one criterion (18-20) is defined so as to forecast an impending failure of one or more parts of the installation. This criterion is constantly monitored at short time intervals so as to establish a forecast of the expected failure probability. This forecast makes it possible, if necessary, to take early countermeasures (21-23) for preventing the failure of the installation or to take steps for minimizing the effects of the imminent failure.

Abstract: A method for preventing or minimizing operational failures in a technical installation (1) is disclosed, in which, in accordance with influence quantities (17) accessible by a control system, at least one criterion (18-20) is defined so as to forecast an impending failure of one or more parts of the installation. This criterion is constantly monitored at short time intervals so as to establish a forecast of the expected failure probability. This forecast makes it possible, if necessary, to take early countermeasures (21-23) for preventing the failure of the installation or to take steps for minimizing the effects of the imminent failure.

Abstract: In a process for designing a fuzzy regulator with at least one input parameter and at least one output parameter (x1, x2, y), where an incomplete rule base with rules that are defined explicitly is supplemented by an implicit rule whose conditional part yields a truth value that has its greatest value when the explicit rules yield a truth value of 0 and is the smallest when the explicit rules have a truth value of 1, the truth value of the implicit rule may be determined by forming the maximum from the truth values of the explicit rules and calculating the complement to 1. This leads to a great simplification of the design of the regulator and prevents instabilities that can occur with an incomplete rule base.

Abstract: An arrangement for modeling a non-linear process including at least one input variable (x1, x2) and at least one output variable (y) can include a neural network and a device for specifying functional (or operational) values. A function of the neural network is determined in a first part of the domain of input variables (x1, x2) by learning from measuring data, which are obtained from the process by acquiring measured values. An empirically based device for specifying functional (or operational) values, preferably a fuzzy system, is provided in a second part of the domain of input variables (x1, x2) in which there are no measuring data for training the neural network. This arrangement is particularly useful when it is implemented in controllers.

Abstract: A control system, especially for a non-linear process varying in time, includes a first controller, in particular a linear PID controller, which is able to be switched over via a switching input between the "tracking" and "control" operating modes, and a second controller, which is advantageously a fuzzy controller. One output of the second controller leads to the tracking input of the first controller; at another output, a switching signal (S) is output which determines the operating mode of the first controller. The control device is applied in process automation.

Abstract: In a control device which includes an integrating positioning drive comprising a motor and transmission with backlash and lag, the backlash being the hysteresis of the transmission of mechanical quantities which occurs when the direction of rotation changes and which is caused, for example, by gear tolerances in the transmission due to manufacturng constrains, in addition to a first feedback path which supplies a signal proportional to the position of a control member, there is also provided a second feedback path developing a signal dependent on the positioning rate and the magnitude of the lag in the motor and, the mechanical members of the positioning drive are designed in such a manner that the transmission lag which occurs is greater than the sum of the position changes of the control member during starting of the positioning member over the period from stand-still to reaching its nominal speed and the position change occuring during the lag after the positioning motor is deenergized, providing a control