Abstract: Radiation curable polyester composition AB, capable of forming solutions or dispersions in water of high solid content which can be produced by mixing or pre-condensing a water soluble, radiation-curable emulsifying resin A which contains ester and acid groups and has an acid number from 20 to 300 mg/g and water-insoluble, radiation-curable polymer B containing ester and/or ether groups, wherein resin A is a reaction product of an alkoxylated polyol A1 having at least 3 hydroxyl groups and 3 to 10 oxyalkylene units per molecule, these oxyalkylene units containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms each, with an &agr;, &bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid A2 having each a free carboxyl group per molecule, and a carboxylic acid A3 which is at least tri-functional and wherein polymer B is a reaction product of aliphatic, linear, branched or cyclic alcohols B1 with compounds B2, selected from alkylene oxides B21, dicarboxylic acids B22 and aliphatic lactones B23 having 4 to 12 carbon atoms as well as compounds B3 selected from &ag

Abstract: Catalysed, cationic compositions which contain one or more catalysed, cationic binders which can be diluted in water after being protonated and which contain one or more bismuth salts of hydroxycarboxylic acids are disclosed. The bismuth salts of lactic acid and dimethylolpropionic acid are particularly preferred, and the compositions are useful in cathodically precipitated paints.

Abstract: For the simultaneous measurement of the concentrations of several substances a number of fluorescence measurements corresponding to the number of substances to be tested are performed using at least one fluorescent indicator which is non-specific relative to at least one of the substances to be tested, each fluorescent indicator having different quenching constants with regard to the individual substances quenching its intensities.From the known, unquenched fluorescence intensities of the fluorescent indicators employed, the quenched fluroescence intensities obtained by measuring, and from the quenching constants that are known, or rather, have been determined beforehand by graphical methods or calculation, the concentrations and/or concentration ratios of the individual substances are obtained.