Abstract: An asphalt composition comprising aggregates and a binder material, wherein the binder material comprises humins, which humins comprise carbonaceous water-insoluble by-products of the dehydration of carbohydrates and/or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and/or ethers or esters of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The invention also provides a binder material for use in asphalt compositions comprising from 1 to 95% wt, preferably from 5 to 60% wt of such humins, based on the weight of the binder material. The invention further provides for the use of such humins in the manufacture of binder material for asphalt compositions and the use of such humins as binder material in asphalt compositions.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprises humins and at least one organic oxygenated solvent which has an apparent viscosity of at most 1.5 Pa·s at 100° C. at a shear rate of 30 s?1. Humins are produced by the dehydration of carbohydrates. The organic oxygenated solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, which may be aromatic, cycloaliphatic and aliphatic, and mixtures thereof. The fuel compositions can be used as marine fuel.

Abstract: A foam includes a cellular structure and having a density of at most 0.50 g/cm3, where the cellular structure is provided by a solid material that includes humins. Such a foam is prepared in a process, which includes: providing a starting material containing humins; and heating the starting material to a temperature in the range of 150 to 450° C. The foam can be used in articles for a variety of applications such as substrate for plant growth, as adsorbent for treating waste water or waste gases, as support for solid catalysts, as insulation material, or packaging material.

Abstract: A hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (III) a hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (IV) and a lactone compound of formula (V) are disclosed and described.

Abstract: An asphalt composition comprising aggregates and a binder material, wherein the binder material comprises humins, which humins comprise carbonaceous water-insoluble by-products of the dehydration of carbohydrates and/or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and/or ethers or esters of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The invention also provides a binder material for use in asphalt compositions comprising from 1 to 95% wt, preferably from 5 to 60% wt of such humins, based on the weight of the binder material. The invention further provides for the use of such humins in the manufacture of binder material for asphalt compositions and the use of such humins as binder material in asphalt compositions.

Abstract: Modified humins are prepared by contacting humins with a reactive compound, such as, a carboxylic acid, an acyl halide, a carboxylic anhydride, an olefin, an epoxy-group containing compound and combinations thereof in the presence of an organic aprotic solvent to obtain a humins-containing admixture; maintaining the humins-containing admixture at elevated temperature to achieve a reaction between the humins and the reactive compound, thereby obtaining modified humins; and recovering the modified humins.

Abstract: A hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (III) a hydrogenated Diels-Alder adduct of the formula (IV) and a lactone compound of formula (V) are disclosed and described.

Abstract: A benzene compound is prepared by reacting a furan compound to produce an unsaturated bicyclic ether having an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond; hydrogenating the unsaturated carbon-carbon bond in the unsaturated bicyclic ether to produce a saturated bicyclic ether; and dehydrating and aromatizing the saturated bicyclic ether to produce the benzene compound.

Abstract: A foam includes a cellular structure and having a density of at most 0.50 g/cm3, where the cellular structure is provided by a solid material that includes humins. Such a foam is prepared in a process, which includes: providing a starting material containing humins; and heating the starting material to a temperature in the range of 150 to 450° C. The foam can be used in articles for a variety of applications such as substrate for plant growth, as adsorbent for treating waste water or waste gases, as support for solid catalysts, as insulation material, or packaging material.

Abstract: Psicose is converted into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural or an alkyl ether thereof in a process for the catalyzed conversion of psicose, including the steps of: a. forming a feed including psicose and water or at least one alkanol or a mixture thereof and b. converting the psicose in the feed at a temperature in the range of 50 to 300 degrees Celsius in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Composition including a first component, including furfuryl alcohol and humins and a second component including an acidic polymerization initiator. The composition can be oligomerized to a resin, which has a viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 10,000 Pa·s at 25° C., determined according to ISO3219. The resin, or a blend of furfuryl alcohol and humins as a component A and an acidic polymerization initiator as a component B, separated from each other, may form a kit for an adhesive or impregnation agent.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprises humins and at least one organic oxygenated solvent which has an apparent viscosity of at most 1.5 Pa·s at 100° C. at a shear rate of 30 s?1. Humins are produced by the dehydration of carbohydrates. The organic oxygenated solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, which may be aromatic, cycloaliphatic and aliphatic, and mixtures thereof. The fuel compositions can be used as marine fuel.

Abstract: A benzene compound is prepared by reacting a furan compound to produce an unsaturated bicyclic ether having an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond; hydrogenating the unsaturated carbon-carbon bond in the unsaturated bicyclic ether to produce a saturated bicyclic ether; and dehydrating and aromatizing the saturated bicyclic ether to produce the benzene compound.

Abstract: Psicose is converted into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural or an alkyl ether thereof in a process for the catalysed conversion of psicose, including the steps of: a. forming a feed including psicose and water or at least one alkanol or a mixture thereof and b. converting the psicose in the feed at a temperature in the range of 50 to 300 degrees Celsius in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Composition including a first component, including furfuryl alcohol and humins and a second component including an acidic polymerization initiator. The composition can be oligomerized to a resin, which has a viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 10,000 Pa·s at 25° C., determined according to ISO3219. The resin, or a blend of furfuryl alcohol and humins as a component A and an acidic polymerization initiator as a component B, separated from each other, may form a kit for an adhesive or impregnation agent.

Abstract: A substituted benzene derivative is prepared in a process, which includes reacting a furan derivative of formula (I): wherein R is an alkyl group, with an olefin of formula (II): R1—CH?CH—R2??(II) wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —CN, —CHO and —COOR3, wherein R3 is selected from hydrogen or an alkyl group, or R1 and R2 together form a —C(O)—O—(O)C— group, with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not both hydrogen, to produce a bicyclic ether; and dehydrating the bicyclic ether to obtain a benzene derivative. The benzene derivative thus obtained can suitably be converted to a benzene carboxylic acid compound by oxidation.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a ring-hydrogenated alkyl furfuryl ether of the general formula (I) or a mixture of such ethers: (I) R?-TF—CH2-O—R where TF represents a 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran ring, where each R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where each R? independently represents a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, the product of an aldol condensation reaction or an alkoxymethyl group of the general formula (II): (II) —CH2-O—R? where each R? independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the process including the step of reacting a 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfural of the general formula (III) or a 2,5-bis(dialkoxymethyl)furan of the general formula (IV) under hydrogenation conditions: (III) R?—O—CH2-F—CH?O (IV) R?—O—CH2-F—CH2-O—R? to form said ring-hydrogenated alkyl furfuryl ether of the general formula (I) or a mixture of said ethers wherein F represents a 2,5-disubstituted furan ring, and R?, and R? have the definitio

Abstract: A substituted benzene derivative is prepared in a process, which includes reacting a furan derivative of formula (I): wherein R is an alkyl group, with an olefin of formula (II): R1—CH?CH—R2??(II) wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —CN, —CHO and —COOR3, wherein R3 is selected from hydrogen or an alkyl group, or R1 and R2 together form a —C(O)—O—(O)C— group, with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not both hydrogen, to produce a bicyclic ether; and dehydrating the bicyclic ether to obtain a benzene derivative. The benzene derivative thus obtained can suitably be converted to a benzene carboxylic acid compound by oxidation.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a ring-hydrogenated alkyl furfuryl ether of the general formula (I) or a mixture of such ethers: (I) R?-TF—CH2-O—R where TF represents a 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran ring, where each R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where each R? independently represents a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, the product of an aldol condensation reaction or an alkoxymethyl group of the general formula (II): (II) —CH2-O—R? where each R? independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the process including the step of reacting a 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfural of the general formula (III) or a 2,5-bis(dialkoxymethyl)furan of the general formula (IV) under hydrogenation conditions: (III) R??O—CH2-F—CH?O (IV) R?—O—CH2-F—CH2-O—R? to form said ring-hydrogenated alkyl furfuryl ether of the general formula (I) or a mixture of said ethers wherein F represents a 2,5-disubstituted furan ring, and R?, and R? have the definitio

Abstract: A fuel composition includes a ring-hydrogenated alkyl furfuryl ether of the general formula (I): R?-TF-CH2-O—R or a mixture of the ethers, where TF represents a 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran ring, where each R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where each R? independently represents a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, the product of an aldol condensation reaction or an alkoxymethyl group of the general formula (II): —CH2-O—R?, where each R? independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in combination with diesel fuels of petroleum origin or diesel fuels of bioorganic origin.