Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of miotic cholinergic substances alone or in combination with prostaglandin F2? analogues, for the preparation of a medicament compound for the prevention and treatment of myopia. It has been found that the use proposed in the present invention has resulted in the stabilization and reduction of the refractive degree, besides of the reduction of the elastance of the posterior pole of the eye and, consequently, of the CA/A ratio. Moreover, an improved visual acuity for all distances, with consequent improvement in contrast sensitivity and image sharpness, increased choroidal irrigation, and improved retinal cell action in the image receiving process was noted.