Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to perform rate adaptation in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The WTRU may receive an encoded data stream, which may be encoded according to a Dynamic Adaptive HTTP Streaming (DASH) standard. The WTRU may request and/or receive the data stream from a content server. The WTRU may monitor and/or receive a cross-layer parameter, such as a physical layer parameter, a RRC layer parameter, and/or a MAC layer parameter (e.g., a CQI, a PRB allocation, a MRM, or the like). The WTRU may perform rate adaption based on the cross-layer parameter. For example, the WTRU may set the CE bit of an Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) field based on the cross-layer parameter. The WTRU may determine to request the data stream encoded at a different rate based on the cross-layer parameter, the CE bit, and/or a prediction based on the cross-layer parameter.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to perform rate adaptation in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The WTRU may receive an encoded data stream, which may be encoded according to a Dynamic Adaptive HTTP Streaming (DASH) standard. The WTRU may request and/or receive the data stream from a content server. The WTRU may monitor and/or receive a cross-layer parameter, such as a physical layer parameter, a RRC layer parameter, and/or a MAC layer parameter (e.g., a CQI, a PRB allocation, a MRM, or the like). The WTRU may perform rate adaption based on the cross-layer parameter. For example, the WTRU may set the CE bit of an Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) field based on the cross-layer parameter. The WTRU may determine to request the data stream encoded at a different rate based on the cross-layer parameter, the CE bit, and/or a prediction based on the cross-layer parameter.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to performing inverse telecine transformation of an encoded video sequence to produce an accurate reconstruction of the original progressive video. A method of video filtering may comprise receiving a plurality of frames comprising a series of fields, wherein at least one field of the series of fields is a superfluous field, comparing each field to at least one temporally adjacent field (1002, 1004, 1006, 1008) to determine a pair of fields which are most similar to each other, wherein the pair of fields comprise the superfluous field, determining which of the pair of fields is least similar to a respective temporally adjacent field that is not the other of the pair of fields and designating that field the superfluous field, and reconstructing the plurality of frames without the determined superfluous field.

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed. A user's gaze point may be estimated and may be used to search for and present information, e.g., information relating to areas on which the user is focusing. The user's gaze point may be used to facilitate or enable modes of interactivity and/or user interfaces that may be controlled by the direction of view of the user. Biometric techniques may be used to estimate an emotional state of the user. This estimated emotional state may be used to be the information that is presented to the user.

Abstract: User adaptive 3D video rendering is disclosed. Content may be displayed on a display. A user's position relative to the display and/or a user's direction of view relative to the display may be determined. A user interface of the content may be adjusted based on the user's position and/or the user's direction of view. Adjusting a user interface may include adjusting the perspective of a view of the content displayed on the display. Adjusting a perspective of the view may include determining an adjusted view of the content from available views based on the user's position and/or the user's direction of view. The available views of the content may be requested from a server. A subset of the available views may be received from the server, for example, based on the user's position and/or the user's direction of view. The adjusted view may be displayed on the display.

Abstract: Embodiments contemplate detection, estimation, and/or adaptation to user presence, proximity and/or ambient lighting conditions. Embodiments also contemplate user proximity estimation based on input from sensors in mobile devices. Embodiments further contemplate volume control and/or audio bitstream selection based on an estimate of one or more of these parameters: user's location, age, gender, ambient noise level and/or multiple users. Also, embodiments contemplate detection, estimation, and/or adaptation to user presence and/or user attention to advertisements delivered via various mechanisms, perhaps at various locations.

Abstract: Visual information may be delivered to streaming-capable devices in a viewing environment, such as a home environment or a commercial environment. The visual information can be adapted to user behavior and/or viewing conditions in such a way as to deliver a satisfactory user experience while conserving network resources, such as bandwidth and/or capacity. Viewing distance and/or ambient light, which may affect viewing conditions in a viewing environment, may be estimated. Bandwidth may be reduced by eliminating details that may not be perceived by the user in the estimated viewing conditions (e.g., by determining a spatial resolution (e.g. a maximum spatial resolution) perceptible under the viewing conditions and not exceeding that spatial resolution).

Abstract: A multi-hypothesis rate adaptation technique may be performed for one or more wireless multimedia streaming scenarios. Managing a multi-media streaming session may involve sending, by a client, a request for a first portion of content to a server. A response may be received from a proxy. The response may comprise the first portion of content and information associated with a second portion of content available via the proxy. A request may be sent to the proxy for the proxy to deliver the second portion of content to the client. A change in a parameter associated with the multimedia streaming session may be determined based on data received from the proxy. It may be determined to change a rate adaptation. A Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) may be configured to perform the rate adaptation.

Abstract: Using wireless packet loss data in the encoding of video data. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving wireless packet loss data at a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU); generating video packet loss data from the wireless packet loss data, and providing the video packet loss data to a video encoder application running on the WTRU for use in encoding video data. The video encoder may perform an error propagation reduction process in response to the video packet loss data. The error propagation reduction process includes one or more of generating an instantaneous Decode Refresh frame or generating an Intra Refresh frame. Some embodiments may be characterized as using a reference picture selection method, or a reference set of pictures selection method.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities may be provided for determining user presence in a mobile device, e.g., using one or more sensors. A mobile device may detect a face. The mobile device may determine a face distance that is associated with the detected face. The mobile device may determine a motion status that may indicate whether the mobile device is in motion or is at rest. The mobile device may use information from one or more sensors to determine the motion status. The mobile device may confirm a user presence based on the face distance and the motion status.

Abstract: A decoding complexity may be used to predict power consumption for receiving, decoding, and/or displaying multimedia content at a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The decoding complexity may be based on decoding complexity feedback received from a reference device, such as another WTRU. The decoding complexity feedback may be based on measurements performed at the reference device for receiving decoding, and/or displaying the multimedia content. A content providing device may indicate the decoding complexity of requested media content to a WTRU, or another network entity. The decoding complexity may be indicated in a streaming protocol or file associated with the media content. The WTRU, or other network entity, may use the decoding complexity determine its preferences regarding transmission of the media content. The content providing device may determine whether to transmit the media content based on the decoding complexity and/or the preferences of the WTRU or other network entity.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to perform rate adaptation in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The WTRU may receive an encoded data stream, which may be encoded according to a Dynamic Adaptive HTTP Streaming (DASH) standard. The WTRU may request and/or receive the data stream from a content server. The WTRU may monitor and/or receive a cross-layer parameter, such as a physical layer parameter, a RRC layer parameter, and/or a MAC layer parameter (e.g., a CQI, a PRB allocation, a MRM, or the like). The WTRU may perform rate adaption based on the cross-layer parameter. For example, the WTRU may set the CE bit of an Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) field based on the cross-layer parameter. The WTRU may determine to request the data stream encoded at a different rate based on the cross-layer parameter, the CE bit, and/or a prediction based on the cross-layer parameter.

Abstract: An adaptive HTTP streaming client may prevent network-level transcoding, may detect that transcoding takes place and implement a custom reaction, and/or may adopt rate estimation and stream switching logic, which may produce meaningful decisions in the presence of caching and transcoding operations in the network. A streaming client may use hash values of received segments, attributes of a received stream of content, and/or segment length checks of representations of segments to determine if the segments were transcoded. A streaming client may use random split range-based HTTP GET requests to deter transcoding. A streaming client may use split range-based HTTP GET requests to improve the accuracy of its bandwidth estimation. A streaming client may use any combination of the techniques described herein to detect transcoding, deter transcoding, adopt improved bandwidth and/or bitrate estimation, and adopt improved switching logic.

Abstract: Quality-based optimizations of a delivery process of streaming content may be enabled. The optimization may take the form of quality-based switching. To enable quality-based switching in a streaming client, the client may have access to information about the quality of an encoded segment and/or sub-segment. Quality-related information may include any number of added quality metrics relating to an encoded segment and/or sub-segment of an encoded video stream. The addition of quality-related information may be accomplished by including the quality-related information in a manifest file, including the quality-related information in segment indices stored in a segment index file, and/or providing additional files with quality-related segment information and providing a link to the information from an MPD file. Upon receiving the quality-related information, the client may request and receive a stream that has a lower bitrate, thereby saving bandwidth while retaining quality of the streaming content.

Abstract: In a digital video system, high availability distribution is provided using spare modules such as an integrated receiver decoder, multimedia transcoder and streaming module in support of the primary modules. The primary modules multicast status messages which are monitored by the spare modules. When failure of a primary module is detected, the spare module takes over the role of the failed module, for example by joining the same multicast groups as the failed module and taking over processing of the streams of the failed module. Multiple redundancy schemes are described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing smooth stream switching in video and/or audio encoding and decoding may be provided. Smooth stream switching may include the generation and/or display of one or more transition frames that may be utilized between streams of media content encoded at different rates. The transition frames may be generated via crossfading and overlapping, crossfading and transcoding, post-processing techniques using filtering, post-processing techniques using re-quantization, etc. Smooth stream switching may include receiving a first data stream of media content characterized by a first signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a second data stream of the media content characterized by a second SNR. Transition frames may be generated using at least one of frames of the first data stream and frames of the second data stream. The transition frames may be characterized by one or more SNR values that are between the first SNR and the second SNR.

Abstract: A method for processing event information from a plurality of different live TV feeds comprises a plurality of operations. An operation is provided for receiving a plurality of different live TV feed data streams. Each one of the live TV feed data streams include program content and event information corresponding to the program content. An operation is provided for extracting the event information from each one of the live TV feed data streams and an operation is provided for aggregating the event information from all of the live TV feed data streams.

Abstract: In a digital video system, high availability distribution is provided using spare modules such as an integrated receiver decoder, multimedia transcoder and streaming module in support of the primary modules. The primary modules multicast status messages which are monitored by the spare modules. When failure of a primary module is detected, the spare module takes over the role of the failed module, for example by joining the same multicast groups as the failed module and taking over processing of the streams of the failed module. Multiple redundancy schemes are described.

Abstract: In a digital video system, high availability distribution is provided using spare modules such as an integrated receiver decoder, multimedia transcoder and streaming module in support of the primary modules. The primary modules multicast status messages which are monitored by the spare modules. When failure of a primary module is detected, the spare module takes over the role of the failed module, for example by joining the same multicast groups as the failed module and taking over processing of the streams of the failed module. Multiple redundancy schemes are described.

Abstract: In a digital video system, high availability distribution is provided using spare modules such as an integrated receiver decoder, multimedia transcoder and streaming module in support of the primary modules. The primary modules multicast status messages which are monitored by the spare modules. When failure of a primary module is detected, the spare module takes over the role of the failed module, for example by joining the same multicast groups as the failed module and taking over processing of the streams of the failed module. Multiple redundancy schemes are described.