Abstract: A nodular iron alloy and automotive components, such as crankshafts, are provided. The nodular iron alloy may include iron, about 3.3-3.9 wt % carbon, about 0.2-0.5 wt % manganese, about 1.9-2.6 wt % silicon, about 0.15-0.30 wt % copper, about 0.03-0.06 wt % magnesium, about 0-0.02 wt % sulfur, about 0-0.1 wt % chromium, about 0-0.05 wt % phosphorus, and/or about 0-0.01 wt % tin. The nodular iron alloy may include a number of graphite nodules, each having a diameter between 15 and 120 micrometers, and the graphite nodules having a number density of at least 90 per square millimeter. Iron may surround the graphite nodules in an amount of 20-40% of a ferrite microstructure and 60-80% of a pearlite microstructure. The nodular iron alloy may have an ultimate tensile strength in the range of 550 MPa to 680 MPa as-cast and at least 80% nodularity.

Abstract: In some implementations, a Wi-Fi access point that is secured using WEP, WPA or WPA2 or other protection method(s) is further mapped, located and seamlessly accessed through a key that is preshared (PSK) by the Wi-Fi access point through a cloud based application over the Internet, thus a mobile device can access the Internet via the Wi-Fi access point using the PSK without the operator of the mobile device entering the PSK. The PSK is transmitted in encrypted form to the mobile device via a 3G/4G network.

Abstract: In some implementations, a Wi-Fi access point that is secured using WEP, WPA or WPA2 or other protection method(s) is further mapped, located and seamlessly accessed through a key that is preshared (PSK) by the Wi-Fi access point through a cloud based application over the Internet, thus a mobile device can access the Internet via the Wi-Fi access point using the PSK without the operator of the mobile device entering the PSK. The PSK is transmitted in encrypted form to the mobile device via a 3G/4G network.

Abstract: In some implementations, a Wi-Fi access point that is secured using WEP, WPA or WPA2 or other protection method(s) is further mapped, located and seamlessly accessed through a key that is preshared (PSK) by the Wi-Fi access point through a cloud based application over the Internet, thus a mobile device can access the Internet via the Wi-Fi access point using the PSK without the operator of the mobile device entering the PSK. The PSK is transmitted in encrypted form to the mobile device via a 3G/4G network.

Abstract: In some implementations, a Wi-Fi access point that is secured using WEP, WPA or WPA2 or other protection method(s) is further mapped, located and seamlessly accessed through a key that is preshared (PSK) by the Wi-Fi access point through a cloud based application over the Internet, thus a mobile device can access the Internet via the Wi-Fi access point using the PSK without the operator of the mobile device entering the PSK. The PSK is transmitted in encrypted form to the mobile device via a 3G/4G network.

Abstract: In some implementations, a Wi-Fi access point that is secured using WEP, WPA or WPA2 or other protection method(s) is further mapped, located and seamlessly accessed through a key that is preshared (PSK) by the Wi-Fi access point through a cloud based application over the Internet, thus a mobile device can access the Internet via the Wi-Fi access point using the PSK without the operator of the mobile device entering the PSK. The PSK is transmitted in encrypted form to the mobile device via a 3G/4G network.

Abstract: This is a refrigerant system refer as a PIGGYBACK system because it uses the condenser energy, of a compression refrigeration system, that is normally expelled into the ambient atmosphere and uses it in the generator of the absorption refrigeration system. Essentially it is a regenerative refrigeration system that recognizes cooling for large buildings, that have chill water distribution, operate for extended periods consuming large amounts of energy. Cooling air in large buildings is generally a twenty-four hour requirement in many parts of the world for eight to ten months out of the year; this invention will eliminate the waste of millions of tons of energy that are currently being dissipated into the ambient atmosphere by using this energy in an absorption refrigeration system.