Abstract: An oral formulation of arginine ?-ketoglutarate is disclosed which formulation is comprised of arginine ?-ketoglutarate and one or more excipient materials. A wide range of different controlled release formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure. The formulation of arginine ?-ketoglutarate and excipient material is designed to obtain a desired result, e.g. attenuate symptoms suffered by a patient with a glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency or increase prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase activity or prevent protein glycation characteristic of atheroscloerosis, cataract formation, retinopathy, and aging. The desired results are obtained by increasing the period of time that a therapeutic level of arginine ?-ketoglutarate is continuously maintained in the patient.

Abstract: A controlled release formulation of lipoic acid is disclosed. The lipoic acid is combined with excipient materials in such a way that those materials provide for gradual release of the lipoic acid in a manner which makes it possible to substantially increase the period of time over which therapeutic levels of lipoic acid are maintained relative to a quick release formulation. These features make it possible to use lipoic acid to reduce serum glucose levels and maintain those levels over time thereby obtaining a range of desired therapeutic results.

Abstract: An oral formulation of arginine ?-ketoglutarate is disclosed which formulation is comprised of arginine ?-ketoglutarate and one or more excipient materials. A wide range of different controlled release formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure. The formulation of arginine ?-ketoglutarate and excipient material is designed to obtain a desired result, e.g. attenuate symptoms suffered by a patient with a glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency or increase prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase activity or prevent protein glycation characteristic of atheroscloerosis, cataract formation, retinopathy, and aging. The desired results are obtained by increasing the period of time that a therapeutic level of arginine ?-ketoglutarate is continuously maintained in the patient.

Abstract: A biphasic formulation of lipid soluble thiamine and lipoic acid for oral administration is disclosed. The lipoic acid and lipid soluble thiamine are combined with excipient materials in such a way that those materials provide for an immediate release of a first portion of the active ingredients from the formulation following by a gradual release of any remaining active ingredients in a manner which makes it possible to (1) quickly obtain a therapeutic level of the active ingredients; and (2) substantially increase the period of time over which therapeutic levels of the active ingredients are maintained relative to a quick release formulation. These features make it possible to use the formulation to reduce serum glucose levels and maintain those reduced glucose levels over time to treat diabetic polyneuropathy and thereby obtaining a range of desired therapeutic results.

Abstract: A controlled release formulation of lipoic acid is disclosed. The lipoic acid is combined with excipient materials in such a way that those materials provide for gradual release of the lipoic acid in a manner which makes it possible to substantially increase the period of time over which therapeutic levels of lipoic acid are maintained relative to a quick release formulation. These features make it possible to use lipoic acid to reduce serum glucose levels and maintain those levels over time thereby obtaining a range of desired therapeutic results.

Abstract: A controlled release formulation of lipoic acid is disclosed. The lipoic acid is combined with excipient materials in such a way that those materials provide for gradual release of the lipoic acid in a manner which makes it possible to substantially increase the period of time over which therapeutic levels of lipoic acid are maintained relative to a quick release formulation. These features make it possible to use lipoic acid to reduce serum glucose levels and maintain those levels over time thereby obtaining a range of desired therapeutic results.

Abstract: An oral formulation of arginine &agr;-ketoglutarate is disclosed which formulation is comprised of arginine &agr;-ketoglutarate and one or more excipient materials. A wide range of different controlled release formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure. The formulation of arginine &agr;-ketoglutarate and excipient material is designed to obtain a desired result, e.g. attenuate symptoms suffered by a patient with a glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency or increase prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase activity or prevent protein glycation characteristic of atheroscloerosis, cataract formation, retinopathy, and aging. The desired results are obtained by increasing the period of time that a therapeutic level of arginine &agr;-ketoglutarate is continuously maintained in the patient.

Abstract: A controlled release formulation of lipoic acid is disclosed. The lipoic acid is combined with excipient materials in such a way that those materials provide for gradual release of the lipoic acid in a manner which makes it possible to substantially increase the period of time over which therapeutic levels of lipoic acid are maintained relative to a quick release formulation. These features make it possible to use lipoic acid to reduce serum glucose levels and maintain those levels over time thereby obtaining a range of desired therapeutic results.

Abstract: A controlled release formulation of lipoic acid is disclosed. The lipoic acid is combined with excipient materials in such a way that those materials protect the lipoic acid from chemical degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and provide for gradual release of the lipoic acid. These combined features make it possible to use lipoic acid to reduce serum glucose levels and maintain those levels over time thereby obtaining a range of desired results.

Abstract: A controlled release formulation of lipoic acid is administered to a patient resulting in reduced serum glucose levels. The formulation comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and is designed to prevent degradation of the lipoic acid in the gastrointestinal tract and to release the lipoic acid in a controlled manner thereby obtaining a desired lipoic acid serum level over an extended period resulting in reduced serum glucose levels over that period.

Abstract: Dietary supplement formulation which increases lean body mass without concomitant increase of body fat mass, an effect parallel to that seen with usage of synthetic anabolic steroidal compounds but without adverse side-effects. The formulation composition of the invention comprises creatine, taurine, ribonucleic acid, and optimally, a carbohydrate (starch or a simple saccharide)component for enhancing cellular uptake. Other components such as alpha-ketoglutaric acid and salts thereof, and beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyric acid and salts thereof can be added for optimal results. The composition may be taken alone or in combination with a nutrient base, which typically includes protein source(s), carbohydrate(s), vitamin(s), and mineral(s) and other amino acids such as L-Glutamine and other natural L-form non-branched chain or branched chain amino acids. Actual studies in weight trained men show statistically significant increases in lean body mass yet with decreases in fat mass within 28 days.