Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of coating a substrate having a solidified layer formed thereon, that features depositing a flowable material upon the solidified layer and forming an additional layer having a smooth flowable surface upon the substrate by imparting rotational movement upon the substrate followed by leveling of the flowable material in an absence of the rotational movement. After the additional layer is formed, the same is solidified.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a template, transmissive to energy having a predetermined wavelength, having first and second opposed sides and features a coating disposed thereon to limit the volume of the template through which the energy may propagate. In a first embodiment, the template includes, inter alia, a mold, having a plurality of protrusions and recessions, positioned on a first region of the first side; and a coating positioned upon a second region of the first side, with the coating having properties to block the energy from propagating between the first and second opposed sides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of controlling a quantity of liquid from extruding from a volumetric gap defined between a mold included in the substrate and a region of the substrate in superimposition therewith that features varying the capillary forces between the liquid and one of the template and the substrate. To that end, the method includes generating capillary forces between the liquid and one of the template and the substrate; and varying a magnitude of the forces to create a gradient of forces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method that features improved wetting characteristics while allowing preferential adhesion and release characteristics with respect to a substrate and a mold having imprinting material disposed therebetween. The method includes coating a surface of the mold with a volume of surfactant containing solution. The surfactant in the solution includes a hydrophobic component consisting essentially of a plurality of fluorine-containing molecules. The distribution of the plurality of the fluorine atoms in the fluorine-containing molecules, as well as the fluorine-containing molecules throughout the volume provides a desired contact angle with respect to a polymerizable composition disposed on the substrate. The contact angle is in a range of 50° or less.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of solidifying a polymerizable liquid to form a film on a substrate that features minimizing inhibition of the polymerization process by oxygen contained in the atmosphere surrounding the polymerizable liquid. To that end, the polymerizable liquid includes, inter alia, an initiator that consumes oxygen that interacts with the polymerizable liquid and generates additional free radicals to facilitate the polymerization process.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and a composition to form a layer on a substrate having uniform etch characteristics. To that end, the method includes controlling variations in the characteristics of a solid layer, such etch characteristics over the area of the solid layer as a function of the relative rates of evaporation of the liquid components that comprise the composition from which the solid layer is formed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for dispensing a total volume of liquid on a substrate, the method including, inter alia, disposing a plurality of spaced-apart droplets on a region of the substrate, each having an unit volume associated therewith, with an aggregate volume of the droplets in the region being a function of a volume of a pattern to be formed thereat.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a three-plane load (7) includes an inverter bridge consisting of six bridge switches (T1 to T6), a modulation generator (6) which controls switching of the inverter bridge (4) via a pulse width modulator, in dependence on the inverter line voltage commands (Va, Vb and Vc) and sensed line currents (Ia, Ib and Ic). The pulse width modulation generator is configured such that if the commanded line voltages allow, the phase leg carrying the greater sensed, current is claimed to one of the d.c. rails, the required line voltage controlled by varying the on-to-off duty cycle of the two other bridge legs in accordance with the pulse width modulation (pwm) principle. Clamping suppresses the high frequency switching in the leg (dead-banding) and in the steady state occurs for two sixty-degree segments of the fundamental cycle. The reduction in switching losses associated with the clamping is maximized by linking the dead-band to the peaks of the leg current.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing unauthorized starting of a motor vehicle. A timing interval of preselected duration is generated only upon detecting positioning of an ignition switch to a first position by means of a proper key inserted into the vehicle ignition switch. An electrical indication is generated when the ignition switch is positioned to a second position which, in one embodiment, corresponds to a start position of an automobile ignition switch. A starting circuit interrupt element remains in or is urged into a normally closed state to electrically complete the starting circuit only when the electrical indication appears during the time interval. The starting circuit may thereby only be energized for starting the motor during a normal preselected starting sequence comprised of key insertion followed by positioning of the switch from the first to the second state within the preselected time interval.

Abstract: A method of attenuating detonation in an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber and a piston reciprocably located in a cylinder forming the combustion chamber. The piston has an air/fuel mixture intake, compression, power, and exhaust movement. An air/fuel mixture is introduced in the combustion chamber during the intake movement of the piston. The air/fuel mixture is compressed in the combustion chamber. The compressed air and fuel is ignited with spark at the completion of the compression movement of the piston causing the air/fuel mixture to burn and establishing a flame front that propagates across the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber abruptly increases in the cross sectional area in the direction of travel of the flame front. The expanding burning air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber moving across the abrupt increase in cross sectional area of the combustion area attenuates detonation in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A piston for attenuation of detonation in a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine has a top wall accommodating a cap. The cap has an upwardly and inwardly inclined first section, a downwardly and inclined second section and a transverse wall at the inner end of the second section. The transverse wall projects upwardly from the top wall of the piston and extends across the piston in the direction of movement of the flame front in the combustion chamber. The first section has a plurality of channels providing paths for the flame front. The second section has an additional channel providing a further path for the flame front. The flame front commences at the ignition point moves over the cap and the transverse wall. The transverse wall provides an abrupt increase in the cross sectional areas of the combustion chamber in the direction of travel of flame front which attenuates detonation in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A piston for attentuation of detonation in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine has a top wall accommodating a cap. The cap has a flush extension of the cylindrical portion of the side wall of the piston and a transverse wall projected generally upward from the top wall of the piston. The transverse wall has a convex curve with a radius center located along the outer edge of the top wall of the piston in contiguous relationship to the ignition point of the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. The transverse wall of the cap is located generally normal to the direction and movement of the flame front commencing from the ignition point and provides an abrupt increase in the cross sectional area of the combustion chamber in the direction of travel of the flame front to attenuate detonation in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system for producing and separating hydrogen and oxygen from water in which water is pumped through a preferentially permeable walled vessel heated to a high temperature by a solar energy concentrator. The water dissociates at high temperatures. Lower molecular weight components, especially hydrogen, diffuse preferentially through the vessel walls and are drawn off and separated. Oxygen may be separated from the products which do not diffuse through the walls by conventional separation techniques. A system is provided for making use of solar energy to produce storable fuels for use during periods of no sunshine.

Abstract: An analogue-to-digital converter of the parallel-series-parallel type has additional circuitry associated with the second quantization stage which accepts overflow caused by errors in the first quantization stage and generates a correction signal to correct the output of the first quantization stage.