Abstract: The present disclosure provides an attenuator and associated methods of operations. An exemplary attenuator includes an input terminal, an output terminal, a voltage reference terminal, a first attenuation segment coupled with the input terminal and the output terminal, and a second attenuation segment coupled with the first attenuation segment and the voltage reference terminal. The attenuator further includes at least two switches coupled with the input terminal and the output terminal in parallel with the first attenuation segment, where at least some of the at least two switches have an associated voltage control terminal. For example, the attenuator includes a first switch and a second switch coupled with the input terminal and the output terminal in parallel with the first attenuation segment, wherein a first voltage control terminal is coupled with the first switch and a second voltage control terminal is coupled with the second switch.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a cluster tool for processing semiconductor substrates. In one embodiment, a cluster tool having four to six process chambers connected to a transfer chamber and each process chamber may simultaneously process two or three substrates.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an amplifier and associated methods of operations. An exemplary amplifier an input terminal; an output terminal; a first virtual ground node; a second virtual ground node; an operational amplifier coupled with the input terminal and the output terminal; a resistive input section coupled with an input of the operational amplifier; and a resistive feedback section coupled with an output of the operational amplifier. The resistive input section includes a fixed input resistor coupled with the input terminal and the first virtual ground node, and a switchable input resistor segment coupled with the fixed input resistor in parallel. The resistive feedback section includes a fixed feedback resistor coupled with the output terminal and the first virtual ground node, and a switchable feedback resistor segment coupled with the fixed feedback resistor in parallel.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an attenuator and associated methods of operations. An exemplary attenuator includes an input terminal, an output terminal, a voltage reference terminal, a first attenuation segment coupled with the input terminal and the output terminal, and a second attenuation segment coupled with the first attenuation segment and the voltage reference terminal. The attenuator further includes at least two switches coupled with the input terminal and the output terminal in parallel with the first attenuation segment, where at least some of the at least two switches have an associated voltage control terminal. For example, the attenuator includes a first switch and a second switch coupled with the input terminal and the output terminal in parallel with the first attenuation segment, wherein a first voltage control terminal is coupled with the first switch and a second voltage control terminal is coupled with the second switch.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a radio frequency (RF) amplifier having a trifilar transformer coupled to a gain device in two negative feedback paths. The trifilar transformer includes a first winding, a second winding and a third winding, a first dielectric core is disposed between the first winding and the second winding, and a second dielectric core is disposed between the second winding and the third winding. A first winding ratio between the first winding and the second winding combined with a second winding ratio between the second winding and the third winding affects a total gain of the RF amplifier. In a specific embodiment, the gain device is a transistor, the first winding is coupled to a base of the transistor, the second winding is coupled to a collector of the transistor, and the third winding is coupled to an emitter of the transistor.

Abstract: A liquid membrane system is disclosed in the form of a biochannel containing bulk liquid membrane (BLM), biochannel containing emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), and biochannel containing supported (immobilised) liquid membrane (SLM), or a combination thereof, wherein said liquid membrane system is based on vesicles formed from amphiphilic compounds such as lipids forming a bilayer wherein biochannels have been incorporated and wherein said vesicles further contain a stabilising oil phase. The uses of the membrane system include water extraction from liquid aqueous media by forward osmosis, e.g. for desalination of salt water.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a membrane scaffold comprising a planar material having a hydrophobic surface and a functional area comprising a plurality of apertures. The apertures have a diameter of from about 80 ?m to about 3000 ?m and the rims of the apertures comprise bulges extending above and/or below the surface level of the planar material. The membrane scaffold is useful in the preparation of a composite biomimetic membrane wherein functional channel forming molecules have been incorporated in said membrane.

Abstract: A recrystallized silicon carbide body is provided that has a resistivity of not less than about 1E5 ? cm and a nitrogen content comprising nitrogen atoms bonded within the body, wherein the nitrogen content is not greater than about 200 ppm.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a concrete post having metal insert members cast therein at desired locations. The metal insert members accommodate common specialty fasteners that interlock within the insert member and thereby provide a quick and easy means for attaching electrical boxes and the like to the concrete post.

Abstract: A recrystallized silicon carbide body is provided that has a resistivity of not less than about 1E5 ?cm and a nitrogen content comprising nitrogen atoms bonded within the body, wherein the nitrogen content is not greater than about 200 ppm.

Abstract: A sliding door assembly includes at least three frameless panels that are slidably installed to form a door to an enclosed tub or shower area. Each frameless panel is gripped at a top by at least two roller assemblies, and the roller assemblies are slidably suspended from a header that supports the frameless panels via the roller assemblies. The sliding door assembly also includes a guide assembly that has at least three tracks, wherein each frameless panel is guided by a corresponding one of the tracks.

Abstract: Current source embodiments are provided which generate an output current pulse whose initial and terminal slew rates are enhanced with initial and terminal generators that respectively provide an initial current pulse at initiation of the command signal and a terminal current pulse at termination of the command signal. Current source embodiments also include a correction generator that inserts correction currents to substantially correct Lambda current errors in the current sources.

Abstract: The present disclosure allows for the downloading of large digital media files in a progressive manner by allowing for a transfer of such digital media to occur over various sessions. A file server is described that receives a request to transmit a file whereupon the file server locates such requested file in its memory. For verification purposes a unique identifier is computed for the requested file such as an MD5 checksum of the digital file. Thereafter an encryption key, K1, is chosen. Using a second key, K2, the first key and the unique identifier are encrypted, and the requested file is encrypted using the first key. Both these encrypted values are then transmitted. Subsequently, for example, after payment is received, an unencrypted form of the first key is also transmitted. The first key can then be used to decrypt the requested file to unlock full functionality of the requested file.

Abstract: An abrasive blade for cutting material, the blade comprising a plurality of raised portions, a plurality of recessed portions, and a plurality of transition portions. Each transition portion connects a raised portion with a recessed portion. Each of the plurality of raised portions is substantially flat; and each of the plurality of recessed portions is substantially flat and spaced laterally from the plurality of raised portions. The plurality of raised portions, the plurality of recessed portions, and the plurality of transition portions form corrugations in the abrasive blade.

Abstract: A sliding door assembly includes at least three frameless panels that are slidably installed to form a door to an enclosed tub or shower area. Each frameless panel is gripped at a top by at least two roller assemblies, and the roller assemblies are slidably suspended from a header that supports the frameless panels via the roller assemblies. The sliding door assembly also includes a guide assembly that has at least three tracks, wherein each frameless panel is guided by a corresponding one of the tracks.

Abstract: In integrated circuit (IC) designs, a component of power consumed may be represented as Power=½ FCV2, where C is the load capacitance being driven by a source cell, F is the switching frequency of the source cell, and V is the total output voltage swing. However, not every signal value generated by a source cell is required to propagate to all the sink cells connected to the source for every clock cycle of a chip. Accordingly, an isolate cell is inserted in a net (wire) connecting a source cell to at least one sink cell, to de-couple the at least one sink cell and a portion of the net from the source cell when a signal output by the source need not propagate. Due to the de-coupling, the load capacitance associated with the at least one sink and net portion is not experienced by the source cell for such signals. Accordingly, overall IC power consumption is reduced.

Abstract: Line drivers are provided that are suitable for driving communication cables (e.g., in Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) certified systems) without the need for output drivers and their size, power-consumption, noise and signal-distortion penalities. These line drivers directly couple switched current mirrors to a transformer's input winding to simultaneously provide currents in response to a differential input signal and a digital command signal and drive the load impedance to thereby realize a corresponding signal gain.

Abstract: Mulitplying digital-to-analog converters (MDACs) are provided that reduce signal distortion without significantly raising current demand. These goals are achieved with input structures that lower input impedances and enhance the driving of nonlinear capacitances that are generally presented by the DAC portion of these devices.

Abstract: Verniers are provided that substantially eliminate DC offset signals as they convert a differential input signal Sin to a differential output signal Sout with a conversion gain that corresponds to a digital command signal. The verniers are especially suited for use with multiplying digital-to-analog converters (MDACs) in communication systems. An exemplary use is forming line drivers to drive load impedances (e.g., coaxial cables).

Abstract: A method for cleaning a semiconductor processing component is provided. The process calls for directing a stream of cleaning media at a surface of the component, the cleaning media including zirconia. After cleaning with the cleaning media, frozen CO2 (dry ice) pellets may be directed at the surface to further clean the component.