Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for determining a neutron-gamma density (NGD) measurement of a subterranean formation that is accurate in both liquid- and gas-filled formations are provided. For example, a downhole tool for obtaining such an NGD measurement may include a neutron generator, a neutron detector, two gamma-ray detectors, and data processing circuitry. The neutron generator may emit neutrons into a formation, causing a fast neutron cloud to form. The neutron detector may detect a count of neutrons representing the extent of the neutron cloud. The gamma-ray detectors may detect counts of inelastic gamma-rays caused by neutrons that inelastically scatter off the formation. Since the extent of the fast neutron cloud may vary depending on whether the formation is liquid- or gas-filled, the data processing circuitry may determine the density of the formation based at least in part on the counts of inelastic gamma-rays normalized to the count of neutrons.

Abstract: A switching system may include a body and a set of key elements. The body may be electrically connectable to a first electrical device and a second electrical device, and may have a keypad with key element attachment features to which the key elements can be attached. The key elements may be attachable in various positions and/or combinations on the keypad. The key elements may include one or more buttons of various sizes and/or a rocker. The keypad may have multiple positions to which key elements can be attached, with larger key elements requiring multiple positions. The key element attachment features may be domes, which may be inserted into holes in tabs extending from the key elements to pivotably attach the key elements to the keypad. Each key element may be retained on the keypad independently of any other component aside from the keypad and the key element.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for determining a neutron-gamma density (NGD) measurement of a subterranean formation that is accurate in both liquid- and gas-filled formations are provided. For example, a downhole tool for obtaining such an NGD measurement may include a neutron generator, a neutron detector, two gamma-ray detectors, and data processing circuitry. The neutron generator may emit neutrons into a formation, causing a fast neutron cloud to form. The neutron detector may detect a count of neutrons representing the extent of the neutron cloud. The gamma-ray detectors may detect counts of inelastic gamma-rays caused by neutrons that inelastically scatter off the formation. Since the extent of the fast neutron cloud may vary depending on whether the formation is liquid- or gas-filled, the data processing circuitry may determine the density of the formation based at least in part on the counts of inelastic gamma-rays normalized to the count of neutrons.

Abstract: A switching system may include a body and a set of key elements. The body may be electrically connectable to a first electrical device and a second electrical device, and may have a keypad with key element attachment features to which the key elements can be attached. The key elements may be attachable in various positions and/or combinations on the keypad. The key elements may include one or more buttons of various sizes and/or a rocker. The keypad may have multiple positions to which key elements can be attached, with larger key elements requiring multiple positions. The key element attachment features may be domes, which may be inserted into holes in tabs extending from the key elements to pivotably attach the key elements to the keypad. Each key element may be retained on the keypad independently of any other component aside from the keypad and the key element.

Abstract: A method for determining the bubble point pressure and the true flow rate of a fluid in a flow line of a flowing well is provided, wherein the method includes modifying fluid pressure in a predetermined region of the flow line, generating pressure data responsive to the flow line, obtaining apparent flow rate data responsive to the pressure data, examining the apparent flow rate data to identify a discontinuity in the apparent flow rate data and generating true flow rate data responsive to the discontinuity.

Abstract: A control system for a hydrocarbon well is also disclosed. A control valve system is used to control the flow of fluid being produced by the well. A real time sensor is provided downhole and is used to make real time measurements of phase characteristics of the fluid. A controller is used to control the valve system so as to reduce the risk of undesirable phase transitions in the fluid based on the real time measurements made by the sensor. The sensor includes an acoustic transducer configured to emit acoustic energy into the fluid at a level which causes a phase transition in the fluid. The controller determines the level of acoustic energy emitted into the fluid, and also determines the pressure associated with a phase transition using the level of emitted acoustic energy.

Abstract: A particle suspension handling system comprises a dispersion unit, a transport element, a cell and an outlet region. The dispersion unit has a transducer externally thereof, which is arranged, in use, to transfer energy into the suspension. The transport element is located within the dispersion unit. The transport element is arranged, in use, to recirculate the suspension about a flow path including the dispersion unit and the cell. The outlet region includes first and second valve members. The valve members can be arranged in a first configuration wherein they are spaced apart such that the space between them defines a discharge opening via which a fluid or the suspension exits the system, in use. The valve members can also be arranged in a second configuration wherein they abut and a flow path of substantially constant cross-section is provided about the outlet region.

Abstract: A particle size distribution analysis apparatus comprising a sample measurement zone adapted to define a sample of particles, a light emitting means adapted to provide a source of light incident upon the sample measurement zone, and at least a first detection means adapted to measure light levels in the apparatus at particular scattering angles and output a signal to a computation means enabling the particle size distribution of particles contained within the sample to be determined, wherein the computation means is adapted, in use, to calculate a particle size distribution taking into account reflections by the measurement zone of light scattered off the particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for determining the flow rates of fluid phases in a pipe containing multiple fluid phases. A Venturi is provided to measure total volumetric flow rate measurement and a holdup measurement is taken approximately 3-10 pipe diameters downstream of the Venturi. The holdup measurement is made at a downstream location where a substantial amount of mixing occurs and the differences between the velocities of the fluid phases can effectively be ignored. The flow rates of the phases can thus be determined directly from the holdup measurements.

Abstract: A control system for a hydrocarbon well is also disclosed. A control valve system is used to control the flow of fluid being produced by the well. A real time sensor is provided downhole and is used to make real time measurements of phase characteristics of the fluid. A controller is used to control the valve system so as to reduce the risk of undesirable phase transitions in the fluid based on the real time measurements made by the sensor. The sensor includes an acoustic transducer configured to emit acoustic energy into the fluid at a level which causes a phase transition in the fluid. The controller determines the level of acoustic energy emitted into the fluid, and also determines the pressure associated with a phase transition using the level of emitted acoustic energy.

Abstract: A particle size distribution analysis apparatus comprising a sample measurement zone adapted to define a sample of particles, a light emitting means adapted to provide a source of light incident upon the sample measurement zone, and at least a first detection means adapted to measure light levels in the apparatus at particular scattering angles and output a signal to a computation means enabling the particle size distribution of particles contained within the sample to be determined, wherein the computation means is adapted, in use, to calculate a particle size distribution taking into account reflections by the measurement zone of light scattered off the particles

Abstract: A system and method of fluid analysis in a hydrocarbon borehole is disclosed. Acoustic energy is emitted into the production fluid downhole at a level which causes a phase transition in the fluid. The pressure associated with the phase transition is determined using the level of emitted acoustic energy. Advantageously, the determination of the phase transition pressure need not rely on mechanical means to substantially alter the volume of a sample of the fluid. An acoustic transducer can be installed either semi-permanently or permanently downhole in the well. The bubble point or the dew point can be detected. In the case of bubble point detection, the bubbles in the fluid can be detected by sensing variations in impedance of the acoustic transducer, and the level of emitted acoustic energy can determined by measuring the electrical energy used to drive the transducer. A control system for a hydrocarbon well is also disclosed.

Abstract: A particle suspension handling system comprises a dispersion unit, a transport element, a cell and an outlet region. The dispersion unit has a transducer externally thereof, which is arranged, in use, to transfer energy into the suspension. The transport element is located within the dispersion unit. The transport element is arranged, in use, to recirculate the suspension about a flow path including the dispersion unit and the cell. The outlet region includes first and second valve members. The valve members can be arranged in a first configuration wherein they are spaced apart such that the space between them defines a discharge opening via which a fluid or the suspension exits the system, in use. The valve members can also be arranged in a second configuration wherein they abut and a flow path of substantially constant cross-section is provided about the outlet region.

Abstract: A particle size distribution analysis apparatus wherein there are provided a sample measurement zone adapted to contain a sample of particles, a light emitting means adapted to provide a source of light incident upon the measurement zone, and a detection means adapted to measure light levels at different scattering angles and to output signals to a computation means, enabling the size of particles contained within the sample to be determined, wherein the light emitting means comprises a first light source emitting a substantially monochromatic first wavelength of light and a second light source emitting a substantially monochromatic second, different, wavelength of light.

Abstract: A data acquisition system for use in an aircraft flight data recorder receives multiple analog and discrete signals representative of various aircraft parameters. A single address command from the flight data recorder central processing unit (CPU) causes a first multiplexer to select a set of analog signals. Each selected analog signal is amplified by a gain factor under CPU control and passed to track-and-hold circuitry which holds a level of the amplified analog signal upon receipt of a suitable command. The held analog signal levels are passed to a second multiplexer which also receives a set of discrete signals selected by a third multiplexer in response to a CPU address command. A control sequencer sequentially passes each signal at the input of the second multiplexer through an analog-to-digital converter, with the resultant digital signal being loaded into memory.