Abstract: Methods and systems for actuating a negative rate switch. A negative rate switch comprising a plunger and a resilient actuator thereof can be provided, wherein a highest plunger force occurs at a free position and a lowest plunger force occurs at a full over travel position. The negative rate switch can be configured such that when the resilient actuator provides resilient actuating force to overcome a free position force associated with the free position, the plunger moves without interruption through a total range of travel thereof and when the resilient actuating force drops slightly below a full over-travel plunger force associated with the full over travel position, the negative rate switch overcomes the resilient actuating force to return the plunger to the free position thereof without interruption.

Abstract: The ends of a tapered glass capillary are secured in relatively movable mounting blocks for application of axial tension to the capillary. This mounting enables the capillary to be pulled taut so that its axis is straight to facilitate propagation of X-rays. The capillary is coated to provide flexibility and strength. The ends of the capillary extend into their respective mounting blocks, with at least a portion of each end being stripped of the coating material. A bonding material contacts the glass and the coating material and secures both to their corresponding mounting blocks to hold the capillary in place when tension is applied and to provide shear strength for the capillary wall.

Abstract: Apparatus for directing and focusing X-rays by the new method of confinement is disclosed. A capillary having an inlet end and an outlet end with a generally tubular or rectangular inner wall surface defines a longitudinal central opening. The central opening is tapered inwardly from the inlet end to the outlet end. X-rays are directed into the inlet end at angles less than the critical glancing angle for the inner wall surface to direct X-rays through the capillary to a focus point near the capillary outlet end.