Abstract: The invention, in part, includes methods of single molecule protein sequencing that include using weak binding spectra in the amino acid identification.

Abstract: In illustrative implementations of this invention, interferential stimulation is precisely directed to arbitrary regions in a brain. The target region is not limited to the area immediately beneath the electrodes, but may be any superficial, mid-depth or deep brain structure. Targeting is achieved by positioning the region of maximum envelope amplitude so that it is located at the targeted tissue. Leakage between current channels is greatly reduced by making at least one of the current channels anti-phasic: that is, the electrode pair of at least one of the current channels has a phase difference between the two electrodes that is substantially equal to 180 degrees. Pairs of stimulating electrodes are positioned side-by-side, rather than in a conventional crisscross pattern, and thus produce only one region of maximum envelope amplitude. Typically, current sources are used to drive the interferential currents.

Abstract: Systems and methods of the present disclosure are directed to neural stimulation via non-invasive sensory stimulation. Non-invasive sensory stimulations can comprise audio stimulation, visual stimulation, mechanical stimulation, or a combination thereof. The combination and/or sequence of one or more of audio, visual, and mechanical brain stimulations can adjust, control or otherwise manage the frequency of the neural oscillations to provide beneficial effects to one or more cognitive states or cognitive functions of the brain, while mitigating or preventing adverse consequences on a cognitive state or cognitive function that stems from, for example, sleep deprivation, stress, hormonal imbalance, or other physical, physiological, or psychological conditions. In doing so, the present systems and methods can improve the cognitive potential of a person.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method for neuromodulating a subject, comprising providing (i) a cognitively engaging content, and (ii) a gamma oscillation inducing waveform, wherein said gamma oscillation inducing waveform: comprises an intensity that renders said gamma oscillation inducing waveform imperceptible to said subject; and causes a therapeutic improvement in a cognitive function, thereby neuromodulating said subject.

Abstract: The invention, in part, includes methods of single molecule protein sequencing that include using weak binding spectra in the amino acid identification.

Abstract: The invention, in some aspects relates to compositions and methods for altering cell activity and function and the introduction and use of light-activated ion channels.

Abstract: The invention, in part, includes methods of single molecule protein sequencing that include using weak binding spectra in the amino acid identification.

Abstract: The invention, in some aspects, relates to polypeptide molecules and their encoding nucleic acid molecules and use of such molecules to target opsins to the soma of cells in which they are expressed. Compositions of the invention may be delivered to cells and subjects and used in methods to modulate electrical activity of cells in which they are expressed, and for treatment of diseases and conditions in subjects.

Abstract: A neuromodulator may output stimuli that causes a user to fall asleep faster than the user would in the absence of the stimuli. Alternatively, the stimuli may modify a sleep state or behavior associated with a sleep state, or may cause or hinder a transition from a waking state to a sleep state or from a sleep state to another sleep state. The neuromodulator may take electroencephalography measurements. Based on these measurements, the neuromodulator may detect, in real time, instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of an endogenous brain signal. The neuromodulator may output stimulation that is, or that causes sensations which are, phase-locked with the endogenous brain signal. In the course of calculating instantaneous phase and amplitude, the neuromodulator may perform an endpoint-corrected Hilbert transform. The stimuli may comprise auditory, visual, electrical, magnetic, vibrotactile or haptic stimuli.

Abstract: The invention, in some aspects, relates to dummy-fluorescent (DF) polypeptide molecules and their encoding nucleic acid molecules and use of such molecules in fusion proteins and their encoding nucleic acid molecules. Compositions of the invention may be delivered to cells and subjects and used in methods to modulate electrical activity of cells in which they are expressed, and for treatment of diseases and conditions in subjects.

Abstract: Voltage reporter molecules and compositions, and methods for detecting voltage and voltage change in cells are provided. Also provided are methods for delivery, expression, and use of the voltage reporter molecules in cells, tissues, and subjects.

Abstract: The invention, in some aspects relates to compositions and methods for altering cell activity and function and the introduction and use of light-activated ion channels.

Abstract: The invention, in some aspects, includes systems, methods and components of molecular recorders that encode the timing of transcriptional activity into the sequence of RNA, which can then enable a sequencing-based readout of the internal dynamics of cells.

Abstract: A neuromodulator accurately measures—in real time and over a range of frequencies—the instantaneous phase and amplitude of a natural signal. For example, the natural signal may be an electrical signal produced by neural tissue, or a motion such as a muscle tremor. The neuromodulator generates signals that are precisely timed relative to the phase of the natural signal. For example, the neuromodulator may generate an exogenous signal that is phase-locked with the natural signal. Or, for example, the neuromodulator may generate an exogenous signal that comprises short bursts which occur only during a narrow phase range of each period of an oscillating natural signal. The neuromodulator corrects distortions due to Gibbs phenomenon. In some cases, the neuromodulator does so by applying a causal filter to a discrete Fourier transform in the frequency domain, prior to taking an inverse discrete Fourier transform.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are implemented for controlling stimulus of a cell. One such method is implemented for optical stimulation of a cell expressing an NpHR ion pump. The method includes the step of providing a sequence of stimuli to the cell. Each stimulus increases the probability of depolarization events occurring in the cell. Light is provided to the cell to activate the expressed NpHR ion pump, thereby decreasing the probability of depolarization events occurring in the cell.

Abstract: In illustrative implementations of this invention, interferential stimulation is precisely directed to arbitrary regions in a brain. The target region is not limited to the area immediately beneath the electrodes, but may be any superficial, mid-depth or deep brain structure. Targeting is achieved by positioning the region of maximum envelope amplitude so that it is located at the targeted tissue. Leakage between current channels is greatly reduced by making at least one of the current channels anti-phasic: that is, the electrode pair of at least one of the current channels has a phase difference between the two electrodes that is substantially equal to 180 degrees. Pairs of stimulating electrodes are positioned side-by-side, rather than in a conventional crisscross pattern, and thus produce only one region of maximum envelope amplitude. Typically, current sources are used to drive the interferential currents.

Abstract: A neuromodulator accurately measures—in real time and over a range of frequencies—the instantaneous phase and amplitude of a natural signal. For example, the natural signal may be an electrical signal produced by neural tissue, or a motion such as a muscle tremor. The neuromodulator generates signals that are precisely timed relative to the phase of the natural signal. For example, the neuromodulator may generate an exogenous signal that is phase-locked with the natural signal. Or, for example, the neuromodulator may generate an exogenous signal that comprises short bursts which occur only during a narrow phase range of each period of an oscillating natural signal. The neuromodulator corrects distortions due to Gibbs phenomenon. In some cases, the neuromodulator does so by applying a causal filter to a discrete Fourier transform in the frequency domain, prior to taking an inverse discrete Fourier transform.

Abstract: In illustrative implementations of this invention, interferential stimulation is precisely directed to arbitrary regions in a brain. The target region is not limited to the area immediately beneath the electrodes, but may be any superficial, mid-depth or deep brain structure. Targeting is achieved by positioning the region of maximum envelope amplitude so that it is located at the targeted tissue. Leakage between current channels is greatly reduced by making at least one of the current channels anti-phasic: that is, the electrode pair of at least one of the current channels has a phase difference between the two electrodes that is substantially equal to 180 degrees. Pairs of stimulating electrodes are positioned side-by-side, rather than in a conventional crisscross pattern, and thus produce only one region of maximum envelope amplitude. Typically, current sources are used to drive the interferential currents.

Abstract: CsChrimson light-activated ion channel polypeptides, their encoding polynucleotides, and variants thereof are provided. Methods of introducing and using CsChrimson light activated ion channels and variants thereof for to alter cell activity and function are also provided.

Abstract: The invention, in part, includes methods of single molecule protein sequencing that include using weak binding spectra in the amino acid identification.