Abstract: A system and method for detecting electrical events, often a corona associated with an impending lightning strike, including a coupling mechanism configured to establish an electromagnetic connection with a conductive substrate to receive signals intercepted by the conductive substrate. A detector circuit converts and discriminates the received signals into output signals. An output mechanism records and/or transmits the output signals, as well as determines if the output signal represents a qualified event signal.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting electrical events, often a corona associated with an impending lightning strike, including a coupling mechanism configured to establish an electromagnetic connection with a conductive substrate to receive signals intercepted by the conductive substrate. A detector circuit converts and discriminates the received signals into output signals. An output mechanism records and/or transmits the output signals, as well as determines if the output signal represents a qualified event signal.

Abstract: A system and method to extract and measure awareness and a breathing rate information from the cardiac pulse uses plethysmographic and oximeter sensors. The information finds applications in patient monitoring during surgery, intensive care, sleep therapy, and sleep detection in critical operations of airplanes, trucks, automobiles, trains, and in biofeedback therapy.

Abstract: Method for monitoring brain activity. Left and right cardiac pulse signals are detected at bilateral locations on a body for a selected number of cardiac cycles. Computing apparatus computes the standard deviation of the left and right pulse signals for the selected number of cardiac cycles. The standard deviations are normalized on the computing apparatus by dividing the left and right standard deviations by the mean of the left and right pulse signals computed over the selected number of cardiac cycles to produce a left and a right Coefficient of Variation of the pulse signals. A Bilateral Pulse Index is generated from the left and right Coefficients of Variation. The Bilateral Pulse Index relates to brain activity. Cardiac pulse signals from a single location on the body may be utilized in some embodiments.

Abstract: Method for monitoring brain activity. Left and right cardiac pulse signals are detected at bilateral locations on a body for a selected number of cardiac cycles. Computing apparatus computes the standard deviation of the left and right pulse signals for the selected number of cardiac cycles. The standard deviations are normalized on the computing apparatus by dividing the left and right standard deviations by the mean of the left and right pulse signals computed over the selected number of cardiac cycles to produce a left and a right Coefficient of Variation of the pulse signals. A Bilateral Pulse Index is generated from the left and right Coefficients of Variation. The Bilateral Pulse Index relates to brain activity. Cardiac pulse signals from a single location on the body may be utilized in some embodiments.

Abstract: A method of measuring human brain activity includes the steps of simultaneously measuring pulses at two locations on a human subject that each receives blood from a different carotid artery that feeds a respective one of left and right hemispheres of the brain of the human subject, determining pulse characteristics from the measured pulses, and evaluating relative left and right hemisphere activity of the brain of the human subject based on the determined pulse characteristics. The method may use dual photoplethysmograhic blood pulse sensors that measure left and right hemisphere activity by determining pulse amplitude difference and time or phase differences between the earlobes while the subject carries out various mental functions. The data from the sensors are processed to provide a measure of brain function and the mental activity of the subject.

Abstract: A fitness for duty (FFD) testing device and method for determining fitness for duty using a testing unit that is held in two hands by a human test subject. Two handles are provided for holding the unit which includes a video screen with an image of a moving shape on a surface. The position of the shape on the screen is determined by the orientation of the hand-held unit. Tilting the unit by the test subject results in the shape moving on the screen. The device computes a score which can be compared to historical results for the test subject, and to results from a larger population base. The FFD device may be programmed to present increasing levels of difficulty as test subject learning occurs, and can receive and provide data to external computing, printing, display, network, or storage devices.

Abstract: A system and method for measurement of ear conditions utilizing a test signal. The apparatus includes a wave guide having a proximal and distal end. The distal end is connected to a probe tip, which may be fabricated of a semi-rigid material or rigid material and may further be a material transmissive light. The probe tip is sized so as to fit at least a portion of the probe tip within the ear canal. The wave guide further includes an acoustic energy source disposed substantially at the proximal end for generating a test acoustic wave in response to a source signal. The wave guide further includes an acoustic energy detector, for example a microphone, for detection of reflected acoustic energy and generation of a electrical signal in response. The apparatus is controlled by a processor. The processor is adapted to generate the source signal which will preferably contain pseudo-random noise.

Abstract: A scrubber and method for precipitating a sulfide in water which contains hydrogen sulfide or a mercaptan. The scrubber includes a sacrificial first metal anode and a second metal cathode which are in physical and electrical contact and suspended into the water to form an electrolysis cell of the anode, cathode and the water. The second metal is more noble than the first metal. Preferably the anode is iron and the cathode is stainless steel. When so constituted, the anode forms iron oxide which reacts with sulfur from the hydrogen sulfide or the mercaptan to form an iron sulfide precipitate. The anode and cathode may be coplanar and suspended in the water with a free-moving float which facilitates contact of the water with the anode, or may be rods which are tethered and twisted to form a twisted wire pair.

Abstract: A pressure vessel capable of withstanding elevated external hydrostatic pressures is provided, comprising a tubular casing capable of withstanding hydrostatic pressures having an internal cavity and at least one end opening permitting entry into the cavity. An end closure seals the end opening and defines an external joint between the closure and the pressure vessel casing upon sealing of the opening. The end closure has an outer circumferential surface which is coextensive, that is flush, with the adjacent circumferential surface of the pressure vessel casing. At least a portion of the pressure vessel casing and closure are encapsulated by a seamless tubular sleeve of heat or air-shrinkable material which covers the entire extent of the external joint and is heat or air-shrunk about the vessel to seal the external joint. There is a layer of sealant in the form of an adhesive or a mastic, between the shrunk sleeve and the vessel.

Abstract: An accumulator particularly adapted for mooring instruments in an ocean environment. The accumulator includes a solid rubber core surrounded by a nylon overbraid. The nylon overbraid is seized by means of high tensile strength tape to the rubber core at intervals along its length. The ends of the accumulator are terminated in loops surrounding steel thimbles. The loops are formed by standard braid splicing techniques. The accumulator is capable of elongation to three times its relaxed length and has an ultimate breaking strength in excess of 15,000 lbs.

Abstract: A deep water tow system adapted for being towed by a tow cable behind a ship includes a buoyant tow vehicle for housing apparatus to be used underwater, a coupler for connecting the tow vehicle to the tow cable, and a weight in the form of a multi-link chain attached to the tow cable at a location some predetermined distance from the tow vehicle. The chain is of sufficient weight to pull the tow vehicle downwardly in water until the chain contacts the water floor. When pulled by a surface vessel, the chain is pulled over the water floor and the tow vehicle is maintained some fairly constant predetermined distance above the water floor.

Abstract: The portable memory module disclosed herein is constructed in a compact cylindrical form facilitating its use in oceanographic and environmental data acquisition environments. Individual integrated circuit memory components are carried and interconnected by a flexible printed circuit, the components being oriented in columns with pin lines parallel to the axis of a cylindrical battery casing to permit the circuit to be rolled around that casing. The battery casing and rolled printed circuit are then inserted in a protective outer casing, also cylindrical.

Abstract: The invention rests on the discovery that the onset of sleep is preceeded by a drop in brain temperature as measured within the auditory canal. Auditory canal temperature is thus measured and its value used to activate an audible or visible alarm to prevent the subject's falling asleep.

Abstract: In the apparatus disclosed herein, a floating spar tethered at its midpoint is employed to determine wave direction. The balance of wave forces acting upon the spar tend to orient it parallel to passing surface wave fronts. A recording compass then determines and records the orientation of the spar.

Abstract: In the apparatus disclosed herein, a continuously operative sample intake is traversed along the shoreline at a preselected subsurface level appropriate for picking up effluents emanating from on-shore septic systems. The conductivity and the fluorescence of the sampled water are measured continuously, the wavelength of the fluorescence measured being chosen to determine the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons and detergent whiteners which are present in distinctive proportions in recharged septic effluents. Signal processing means are incorporated for generating an output signal which varies as a function of the conjoint deviation of the two measurements from the values thereof which are representative of background water levels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enhancing a person's cerebral functions by providing a selective increase in the cerebral temperature while leaving the temperature of the rest of the body as is. The method and apparatus elevate the exterior skull temperature to a selected value within the range between 38.degree. and 50.degree. Celsius and change the temperature within a limited rate.