Abstract: The invention provides a p38 MAPK inhibitor of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof: for use in the treatment or prevention of hypercytokinemia in a human patient; wherein R is C1-3alkyl, optionally substituted by one or more halo, NR1R2 or hydroxy, and R1and R2 are independently H, halo or C1-3alkyl, optionally substituted by one or more F. Also provided are compositions for use in the treatment or prevention of hypercytokinemia comprising the p38 MAPK inhibitor of Formula I; and methods for treating or preventing hypercytokinemia in a human patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a p38 MAPK inhibitor of Formula I. The invention also provides a p38 MAPK inhibitor and an antimicrobial agent, such as an antiviral agent, for use in the treatment or prevention of hypercytokinemia.

Abstract: An edible anhydrous chocolate-based fat system is provided, having a significant granulated sugar component. This provides an unusual mouth sense, and allows for significantly different organoleptic properties of the chocolate-based fat system—which otherwise emulates chocolate. The chocolate may be light or dark, or white chocolate. An additional sweet flavor may be added to the chocolate-based fat system, allowing for a faster release of the additional flavor, by infusing or saturating the granulated sugar component of the fat system with the additional flavor. Typically, the granulated sugar component is saturated with an essential oil of a chosen flavor. Apart from the granulated sugar component, the remaining ingredients of the chocolate-based fat system are conched in the usual manner in keeping with chocolate production techniques. A process for production of the edible anhydrous chocolate-based fat system is discussed, and typical machinery for carrying out that process is shown.

Abstract: An edible anhydrous fat-based discrete flavoring additive may be provided in the form of chips, flakes, or chunks. It contains less than 2% by weight of moisture; from 2% to 10% by weight of anhydrous dextrose; from 0% to 15% by weight of crystalline fructose; from 5% to 15% by weight of finely ground or liquid natural flavoring agent; from 25% to 35% by weight of an edible oil having a melting point between 20° C. and 40° C.; with the balance being finely ground sugar. The flavoring may be cinnamon or other natural ingredients such as maple, vanilla, almond oil, and botanical flavors. The presence of the anhydrous dextrose, which is hydrophilic, assures that the fat-based discrete flavoring additive is, itself, anhydrous; it also may contribute a slightly sweet aftertaste. The presence of crystalline fructose, when used, contributes a crunchiness to the anhydrous fat-based discrete flavoring additive.

Abstract: An edible anhydrous fat-based discrete flavoring additive may be provided in the form of chips, flakes, or chunks. It comprises less than 2% by weight of moisture; from 2% to 10% by weight of anhydrous dextrose; from 0% to 15% by weight of crystalline fructose; from 5% to 15% by weight of finely ground or liquid natural flavoring agent; from 25% to 35% by weight of an edible oil having a melting point between 20° C. and 40° C.; with the balance being finely ground sugar. The flavoring may be cinnamon or other natural ingredients such as maple, vanilla, almond oil, and botanical flavors. The presence of the anhydrous dextrose, which is hydrophilic, assures that the fat-based discrete flavoring additive is, itself, anhydrous; it also may contribute a slightly sweet aftertaste. The presence of crystalline fructose, when used, contributes a crunchiness to the anhydrous fat-based discrete flavoring additive.

Abstract: A resilient pure chocolate coating composition for coating novelty ice cream items is provided. The coating composition is anhydrous, having a melting point above 0° C. and below 20° C. It comprises 15% to 50% of chocolate liquor and cocoa butter, 15% to 40% of sugar, and 15% to 50% of butter fat. The coating composition may also further comprise up to 30% whole milk solids, as a milk chocolate coating. The chocolate coating composition is a eutectic composition comprising a cocoa butter fat system and a butter fat system. It provides a coating for ice cream novelty items which is somewhat resilient, less brittle and fragile, and has better mouth sense and organoleptic properties with greater flavor release than chocolate coating compositions that employ vegetable oils as a major constituent.

Abstract: An edible anhydrous chocolate-based fat system is provided, having a significant granulated sugar component. This provides an unusual mouth sense, and allows for significantly different organoleptic properties of the chocolate-based fat system—which otherwise emulates chocolate. The chocolate may be light or dark, or white chocolate. An additional sweet flavor may be added to the chocolate-based fat system, allowing for a faster release of the additional flavor, by infusing or saturating the granulated sugar component of the fat system with the additional flavor. Typically, the granulated sugar component is saturated with an essential oil of a chosen flavor. Apart from the granulated sugar component, the remaining ingredients of the chocolate-based fat system are conched in the usual manner in keeping with chocolate production techniques. A process for production of the edible anhydrous chocolate-based fat system is discussed, and typical machinery for carrying out that process is shown.

Abstract: An edible anhydrous chocolate-based fat system is provided, having a significant granulated sugar component. This provides an unusual mouth sense, and allows for significantly different organoleptic properties of the chocolate-based fat system—which otherwise emulates chocolate. The chocolate may be light or dark, or white chocolate. An additional sweet flavor may be added to the chocolate-based fat system, allowing for a faster release of the additional flavor, by infusing or saturating the granulated sugar component of the fat system with the additional flavor. Typically, the granulated sugar component is saturated with an essential oil of a chosen flavor. Apart from the granulated sugar component, the remaining ingredients of the chocolate-based fat system are conched in the usual manner in keeping with chocolate production techniques. A process for production of the edible anhydrous chocolate-based fat system is discussed, and typical machinery for carrying out that process is shown.