Abstract: A range of technique for investigating a sample such as obtaining images and/or spectral information are described. The techniques include a method for deriving structural information about a sample as a continuous function of the depth below the surface of the sample, a method for evaluating a part of the structure of a sample located between two interfaces within the sample, and a contrast enhancing method and apparatus which has a quick image acquisition time.

Abstract: A reflectometer for allowing a test of a device, the reflectometer comprising: a source of pulsed radiation; a first photoconductive element configured to output a pulse in response to irradiation from said pulsed source; a second photoconductive element configured to receive a pulse; a transmission line arrangement configured to direct the pulse from the first photoconductive element to the device under test and to direct the pulse reflected from the device under test to the second photoconductive element; and a termination resistance provided for said transmission line configured to match the impedance of the transmission line.

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein describe a method for processing streams of data of one or more networked computer systems. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an ordered stream of normalized vectors corresponding to information security data obtained from one or more sensors monitoring a computer network is received. A neuro-linguistic model of the information security data is generated by clustering the ordered stream of vectors and assigning a letter to each cluster, outputting an ordered sequence of letters based on a mapping of the ordered stream of normalized vectors to the clusters, building a dictionary of words from of the ordered output of letters, outputting an ordered stream of words based on the ordered output of letters, and generating a plurality of phrases based on the ordered output of words.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, media, and methods for providing pay-per-access micropayment-based web browsing and server applications. In one aspect, disclosed herein are computer-implemented systems comprising a digital processing device comprising at least one processor, an operating system configured to perform executable instructions, a memory, and a computer program including instructions executable by the digital processing device to create a pay-per-access micropayment-based server application.

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein describe a method for processing streams of data of one or more networked computer systems. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an ordered stream of normalized vectors corresponding to information security data obtained from one or more sensors monitoring a computer network is received. A neuro-linguistic model of the information security data is generated by clustering the ordered stream of vectors and assigning a letter to each cluster, outputting an ordered sequence of letters based on a mapping of the ordered stream of normalized vectors to the clusters, building a dictionary of words from of the ordered output of letters, outputting an ordered stream of words based on the ordered output of letters, and generating a plurality of phrases based on the ordered output of words.

Abstract: A link member for a tyre chain, comprising a body including a cavity for receiving a portion of a ring element therein, the body also including an opening for inserting the ring element into the cavity, said body further being adapted to receive a retaining member for closing the opening and retaining the ring element in the cavity.

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein describe a method for processing streams of data of one or more networked computer systems. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an ordered stream of normalized vectors corresponding to information security data obtained from one or more sensors monitoring a computer network is received. A neuro-linguistic model of the information security data is generated by clustering the ordered stream of vectors and assigning a letter to each cluster, outputting an ordered sequence of letters based on a mapping of the ordered stream of normalized vectors to the clusters, building a dictionary of words from of the ordered output of letters, outputting an ordered stream of words based on the ordered output of letters, and generating a plurality of phrases based on the ordered output of words.

Abstract: A THz radiation probe (1) for examining an object (8), the probe comprising a first portion configured to be inserted into an opening of said object in a first direction (5), said probe further comprising at least one THz emitter (15), directing means (7) for directing THz radiation emitted from said emitter to said object via an aperture (2) located at said first portion and subsequently from said object to at least one THz detector (17) and, means for scanning said emitted THz radiation across said object in a scan direction, said scan direction having a component in said first direction (5).

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein describe a method for processing streams of data of one or more networked computer systems. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an ordered stream of normalized vectors corresponding to information security data obtained from one or more sensors monitoring a computer network is received. A neuro-linguistic model of the information security data is generated by clustering the ordered stream of vectors and assigning a letter to each cluster, outputting an ordered sequence of letters based on a mapping of the ordered stream of normalized vectors to the clusters, building a dictionary of words from of the ordered output of letters, outputting an ordered stream of words based on the ordered output of letters, and generating a plurality of phrases based on the ordered output of words.

Abstract: A link member for a tire chain, comprising a body including a cavity for receiving a portion of a ring element therein, the body also including an opening for inserting the ring element into the cavity, said body further being adapted to receive a retaining member for closing the opening and retaining the ring element in the cavity.

Abstract: A reflectometer for allowing a test of a device, the reflectometer comprising: a source of pulsed radiation; a first photoconductive element configured to output a pulse in response to irradiation from said pulsed source; a second photoconductive element configured to receive a pulse; a transmission line arrangement configured to direct the pulse from the first photoconductive element to the device under test and to direct the pulse reflected from the device under test to the second photoconductive element; and a termination resistance provided for said transmission line configured to match the impedance of the transmission line.

Abstract: A THz radiation probe (1) for examining an object (8), the probe comprising a first portion configured to be inserted into an opening of said object in a first direction (5), said probe further comprising at least one THz emitter (15), directing means (7) for directing THz radiation emitted from said emitter to said object via an aperture (2) located at said first portion and subsequently from said object to at least one THz detector (17) and, means for scanning said emitted THz radiation across said object in a scan direction, said scan direction having a component in said first direction (5).

Abstract: A 100% non-volatile, one-part liquid underfill encapsulant is disclosed for application to the active side of a large wafer or integrated circuit chip. Upon coating, the encapsulant is converted to a liquefiable, tack-free solid by exposure to radiation, particularly in the UV, visible and infrared spectrum. The underfill-coated wafer exhibits outstanding shelf aging of months without advancement of cure. The large wafer can be singulated into smaller wafer sections and stored for months after which during solder reflow assembly, the wafer connects are fixed and the underfill liquefies, flows out to a fillet and transitions to a thermoset state on heat activated crosslinking.

Abstract: A method of imaging a sample, the method comprising: (a) irradiating a sample with a pulse of electromagnetic radiation, said pulse having a plurality of frequencies in the range from 25 GHz to 100 THz; (b) determining a first parameter related to the amplitude of the radiation, which is either reflected from and/or transmitted by the sample, in the time domain; (c) calculating the value of the first parameter at a first time value relative to the value of the first parameter at a second time value which coincides with a physical feature of the dataset of the first parameter with respect to time; and (d) generating an image by plotting the value calculated in step (c) for different points of the sample.

Abstract: Generally, the present invention (referred to also as the “suspension system”) is incorporated in a system for suspending an HVAC unit from one or more wood truss members through the use of one or more top lock plates connected to the wood truss, one or more bottom lock plates connected to the HVAC unit, and one or more suspension chains connected between the top lock plates and the bottom lock plates. The suspension system provides a system for suspending HVAC equipment in residential and light commercial applications that is safer, quicker, cheaper, more reliable and more accurate than systems currently in use.

Abstract: A probe for examining a sample (5), the probe including an emitter (1) for emitting radiation, a detector (1) for detecting radiation and a dielectric member (3) configured to direct radiation from the emitter (1) to the sample (5) and to direct radiation reflected by the sample (5) to the detector (1), wherein in use, the dielectric member (3) occupies at least half of the radiation path length from the emitter (1) to the sample (5) to the detector (1).

Abstract: An apparatus for investigating a sample comprising a source of a beam of radiation, a detector for detecting a beam of radiation reflected by or transmitted through a sample to be imaged, an optical subsystem for manipulating the beam between the source and detector and means for translating the optical subsystem along a first translation axis relative to the source and detector to scan the beam across the sample, wherein the source and the detector are on opposite sides of the subsystem and the beam from the source and the beam reflected or transmitted each enter and exit the subsystem in a direction parallel to the first direction of translation. The apparatus is also suitable for maintaining the relative phase of two beams of radiation, during translation of an optical subsystem.

Abstract: A 100% non-volatile, one-part liquid underfill encapsulant is disclosed for application to the active side of a large wafer or integrated circuit chip. Upon coating, the encapsulant is converted to a liquefiable, tack-free solid by exposure to radiation, particularly in the UV, visible and infrared spectrum. The underfill-coated wafer exhibits outstanding shelf aging of months without advancement of cure. The large wafer can be singulated into smaller wafer sections and stored for months after which during solder reflow assembly, the wafer connects are fixed and the underfill liquefies, flows out to a fillet and transitions to a thermoset state on heat activated crosslinking.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for imaging a sample, the apparatus including a source for irradiating a sample with a beam of substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in the range 25 GHz to 100 THz; means for subdividing an area of the sample which is to be imaged into a two dimensional array of pixels; means for detecting radiation from each pixel wherein the detector is configured to detect a phase dependent quantity of the detected radiation which is measured relative to the radiation which irradiates the sample.

Abstract: A system for investigating a sample, the system including a detector having non-linear current voltage characteristics and being configured to mix two radiation signals having frequencies in the range from 25 GHz to 100 THz, one of the signals being a local oscillator signal and the other signal being a sample signal carrying information about the sample being investigated, the system further having a quantum cascade laser for providing at least the local oscillator signal.