Abstract: A solenoid actuated valve assembly has first and second valve members, first and second valve seats, a solenoid coil, a first armature effective when the coil is energized with a positive current to permit displacement of the first valve member from the first valve seat, and a second armature effective when the coil is energized with a negative current to displace the second valve member from the second valve seat. The first valve member engages the first valve seat when the coil is energized with a negative current, and the second valve member engages the second valve seat when the coil is energized with a positive current.

Abstract: An exhaust port timing valve for a two cycle engine has a sealing shroud preferably made as a flexible sheet that is urged by gas pressure into sealing contact with a slot and/or sealing edges of an associated exhaust port or shroud to allow low friction valve adjustment while limiting gas leakage past the valve unaffected by close tolerances and temperature changes. Springs and/or seals can alternatively be used with flexible or non-flexible shrouds to improve sealing.

Abstract: A port scavenged two cycle engine with a separate source of pressurized air has a valve between each port and the air supply to provide a high blowdown pulsing scavenging flow to the cylinders similar to that of a crankcase scavenged engine. Various arrangements with additional features are disclosed.

Abstract: A diaphragm valve includes a magnetically attractive snap disc with two unrestrained positions in one of which its edge contacts a valve seat to block flow and an electromagnet operates to urge the disc to end of its two positions with additional means for returning it to the other. Use of a valve for two cycle engine crankcase inlet control is also disclosed.

Abstract: An injection nozzle has a flow splitter interposed between its valve head and its valve seat. An operating disc responsive to pressure in the nozzle inlet varies the position of the flow splitter between the valve seat and the valve head, maintaining the flow splitter engaged with the valve seat under low flow conditions, engaged with the valve head under high flow conditions, and spaced from both the valve seat and the valve head under intermediate flow conditions.

Abstract: A crankcase scavenged two cycle engine is provided with a supplemental variable volume chamber or plenum connected with the crankcase chamber for each cylinder to controllably vary the effective volume of the crankcase chambers and thereby control scavenging pressure. Control methods for providing more consistent scavenging and more efficient charge control are disclosed.

Abstract: A crankcase scavenged two cycle engine has an auxiliary or bypass port above the exhaust and inlet ports to direct blowdown exhaust gas into a plenum or the engine crankcase for later return to the engine cylinder. Loss of fuel-rich blowdown gas to the engine exhaust system is thereby reduced.

Abstract: A crankcase scavenged two cycle engine has a variable timing poppet inlet valve on the crankcase inlet. The valve timing is altered for load control with minimum air pumping loss and open periods may be skipped during skip firing of the engine cylinders for improved efficiency.

Abstract: Nozzle arrangements for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of a piston engine with stratified charge being provided by a resilient diaphragm which deflects by amounts proportional to engine load. At high engine load, further deflection of the diaphragm effects a deep penetration charge for improved performance and economy. Between pulses, the diaphragm effectively closes off the nozzle so that sac volumes of the nozzle are minimized along with discharge of hydrocarbons into the combustion chamber on blowdown.

Abstract: A two cycle engine is provided with a diffusing exhaust port which includes axially spaced separating vanes that divide the port into a plurality of axially spaced passages to more closely approach ideal diffusing exhaust flow during all degrees of exhaust port opening and thereby maximize the exhaust energy recovery during blowdown and the entire exhaust process. A timing valve may be used at the port outlet or elsewhere to block flow through the upper port passages and allow greater expansion of the combustion gas in the cylinder at part load while maintaining efficient energy recovery by diffusing flow in the open passages of the exhaust port.

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection nozzle has an externally actuated plunger journaled for axial movement in the cylinder provided in a nozzle body. The plunger tip contains a central stepped bore which slidably supports a spring bias injection needle valve therein. The plunger, when it is in a raised position, allows a valve controlled supply passage to deliver a metered quantity of liquid fuel into a chamber defined by the cylinder and the valve and of the plunger. The cylinder at the chamber end is closeable by a gas valve disk which in turn has a central aperture defining a discharge passage flow through which is controlled by the inward opening injection needle valve.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spare tire apparatus for installation on a vehicle. The spare tire can be installed to a vehicle without the use of a conventional jack and can use the motion of the vehicle to secure itself to the vehicle. The inventive spare tire does not require removal of the flat tire which is attached with the vehicle.

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection nozzle has an externally actuated needle plunger journaled for axial movement in the cylinder provided in a nozzle body. The needle plunger tip contains a central blind bore which communicates with discharge passages and with a supply passage, the latter, when the needle plunger is in a raised position, communicate with a valve controlled supply passage to receive a metered quantity of liquid fuel. Upon downward movement of the needle plunger a predetermined axial extent, the discharge passages come into flow communication with corresponding discharge orifices provided in the nozzle body. A central pedestal or pin upstanding from the lower closed end of the nozzle body substantially fills the blind bore in the needle plunger during the injection process in order to minimize the total clearance volume.

Abstract: Squish control is provided in an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine by providing in a preferred embodiment arcuate dams on the inner faces of rotatable intake and exhaust valves or the like which coact with arcuate grooves or recesses of the piston squish land to direct squish flow from adjacent the valve inner faces into outward inward or circumferential directions and thus increase decrease or provide a swirl component to squish flow into a central combustion chamber recess.

Abstract: A ratio control mechanism for a variable ratio friction drive transmission has an adjustable torus member. The friction drive transmission includes input and output friction members which are frictionally drive connected by the torus member. The central or major axis of the torus member is controlled angularly relative to the input and output friction members by a four-bar linkage. Angular adjustment of the torus member causes a speed ratio change between the input and output members.

Abstract: The spray tip of a diesel fuel injector, downstream of a conventional pressure actuated injector needle valve, includes a plug holder used to support and retain a hollow inner plug valve element, containing a number of radial through orifices communicating with an annular groove in the outer peripheral surface of the plug valve element and an outer hoop valve element with a hoop-skirt valve encircling the inner plug valve element. A shrink-fit exists between the hoop-skirt valve and the inner plug valve element to provide for a zero sac volume spray tip. The hoop-skirt valve operates as an integral hoop valve which is expanded relative to the inner plug valve element when supplied with high pressure fuel to form therewith a fuel discharge annulus.

Abstract: Cylinder intake charge swirl is accentuated by selectively directing flow past swirl generating vanes in the intake port which are closest to the cylinder wall and reducing the flow past swirl generating vanes furthest from the cylinder wall. This may be accomplished by utilizing asymmetrically variable swirl vanes arranged to reduce flow at lower engine loads through passages furthest from the cylinder wall and encourage flow through swirl directed passages closer to the cylinder wall.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an annular port and valve arranged to direct flow from dual inner and outer portions of the port in cylinder flow patterns having radially oppositely directed flow components. Various embodiments providing cylinder charge stratification or dual inlet and exhaust valve functions are disclosed.

Abstract: To measure the mass airflow into an engine having a manifold with a given volume, the mass airflow through an induction passage into the manifold is measured by a meter and the measured value is changed by an amount to compensate for changes of air density in the manifold. The manifold pressure and temperature are monitored and the correction value is calculated as where V is the manifold volume, R is a gas constant, T is the temperature and P is the air pressure in the manifold.

Abstract: A nozzle for injecting fuel into a combustion zone including a stationary nozzle body having a main fuel passage therethrough connected to a source of fuel under pressure, an auto-rotating tip disposed on the nozzle body for rotation about a main axis of the latter, a fuel distribution cavity between the tip and the nozzle body connected to the main fuel passage and filled with pressurized fuel, and a plurality of fuel passages in the tip exposed to pressurized fuel in the distribution cavity. Each of the fuel passages is disposed in a plane perpendicular to the main axis and is slanted relative to one of a corresponding plurality of radii emanating from the main axis so that jets of fuel issuing from the fuel passages develop reaction forces on the tip having components tangent to a circle about the main axis which reaction forces spin the tip to disperse fuel in the combustion zone in a volume of revolution about the main axis.