Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of arylsulfonyl halides, e.g., benzenesulfonyl chloride. The disclosed process adds a phosphorus-containing additive, e.g., phosphorous acid, before the reaction of an arylsulfonic acid with a sulfur halide and a halogen. The phosphorus-containing additive reduces the thermal instability of the residue remaining after distillation of the arylsulfonyl halide.

Abstract: The reaction of amino acids and a haloalkylphosphonic acid to form the corresponding phosphonoalkylated amino acid is promoted by use of a catalytically effective amount of a polyamine catalyst which contains a sufficiently high concentration of amine nitrogen atoms to promote the reaction.

Abstract: Liquid-water displacement compositions containing a normally liquid chlorofluorocarbon compound with a surfactant comprising a tetraalkyl ammonium compound derived from an aryl acid phosphate are described. They are useful in aiding in the substantially complete removal of water from the surface of metals.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of diaryl methylphosphonates through the reaction of triaryl phosphites with methanol in the presence of a catalytic quantity of methyl iodide. The reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 170.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. New and useful derivatives are produced by reaction of the diaryl methylphosphonates with polyols or amines.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing alkyldiarylphosphines and related compounds. Typically, diphenylphosphinous chloride is reacted in solution with an excess of an alkali metal; and the reaction product reacted with chlorohexane thereby forming hexyldiphenylphosphine. The improved process obtains greater yields, by use of critical amounts of alkali metal; use of a single reactor rather than two reactors; preinitiation of the first stage reaction; reduction of temperatures to increase reaction rate under certain conditions; and preferred reactants and physical form thereof. Novel products include behenyldiphenylphosphine.

Abstract: Herbicidal compounds having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl; C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl wherein the alkyl has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and Y is benzyl or mono-substituted benzyl wherein the substituent is halogen, amino, nitro or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl.

Abstract: Herbicidal compounds having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl; and Y is C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl wherein the alkyl has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of diaryl methylphosphonates through the reaction of triaryl phosphites with methanol in the presence of a catalytic quantity of methyl iodide. The reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 170.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. New and useful derivatives are produced by reaction of the diaryl methylphosphonates with polyols or amines.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted phthalic anhydrides, example 4-methylphthalic, in which the Diels-Alder addition product of a conjugated diene, example isoprene, and maleic anhydride is reacted with sulfur in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is zinc oxide and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. This reaction is carried out at elevated temperatures. A resulting thio derivative by-product can further be reacted with water at elevated temperatures in the presence of catalytic amounts of a base to form 4-methylphthalic anhydride. This base can be sodium hydroxide or N,N,N', N'-tetramethylguanidine. o-Dichlorobenzene can be added to prevent solids distillation during the process.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of diaryl methylphosphonates through the reaction of triaryl phosphites with methanol in the pressure of a catalytic quantity of methyl iodide. The reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 170.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. New and useful derivatives are produced by reaction of the diaryl methylphosphonates with polyols or amines.

Abstract: A method of recovering uranium from phosphoric acid solutions containing same comprises extracting the uranium from the phosphoric acid with an organic solution of an alkylphenyl pyrophosphate.

Abstract: Alkyl vanadates are formed by the reaction of vanadium pentoxide and an alkyl alcohol in the presence of an azeotroping solvent to assist in the removal of byproduct water, using an effective amount of a basic nitrogenous compound as a catalyst.

Abstract: A carbonate ester of the formula: ##STR1## where n is an integer of from 0 to 4 and m is an integer of from 8 to 14 and carbonate ester compositions containing at least one of such compounds are disclosed. These compounds or compositions can be added to vinyl chloride polymer compositions to plasticize said compositions.

Abstract: Dibromoneopentyl phosphate melamine salt is a novel flame retardant suitable for plastics, textiles and fabric backcoatings. The dibromoneopentyl phosphate melamine salt is prepared by the reaction of dibromoneopentyl phosphoric acid with melamine.

Abstract: Dihaloneopentyl silicates are solid compositions formed by esterification of silicon halides or silicate esters with dihaloneopentyl glycol. These compositions are useful as flame retardants in plastic formulations.

Abstract: An improved process for phosphite rearrangement wherein the phosphite is rearranged to the phosphonate. The improvement comprises conducting the phosphite rearrangement reaction in an aliphatic solvent which is miscible with the reactants at reaction temperatures, and immiscible with the product at lower temperatures. Increased yields of the phosphonate product are obtained without the need for additional distillation for solvent separation.

Abstract: Copolycondensation products of .beta.-haloalkyl phosphates and dialkyl phosphonates are useful fire retardant agents. The products are prepared by heating the starting materials at a temperature of about 110.degree. to 250.degree. C., preferably in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, until at least one mole of alkyl halide per mole of phosphonate is driven off. Preferred are copolycondensation products obtained by substantially complete removal of halogen as alkyl halide.

Abstract: The viscosity of filled unsaturated polyester resin compositions is reduced by the incorporation in said compositions of an effective amount of a composition comprising a lower alkoxylated alkyl acid phosphate ester.

Abstract: The viscosity of filled unsaturated polyester resin compositions is reduced by the incorporation in said compositions of an effective amount of an organic phosphite ester for viscosity reduction.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant composition is provided wherein the major component is a triphosphate ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkylene radical of from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms and the halosubstituted derivatives thereof, R' represents an alkylene radical of from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, X represents a halogen of chlorine or bromine, and n is an integer of from 1 to 5. In the preferred composition, R is ethylene or propylene and R' is ethylene, X is chlorine and n is 1. The compositions are less fugitive than the prior art diphosphate compositions yet easier to prepare than low volatility phosphates presently manufactured by polycondensation.