Abstract: Image sequences, video clips, or other sensorily perceptible representations of experiments, are combined with software and hardware for teaching science, critical thinking, and other subjects, to provide a learning process centered on Scientific Method. Experiments are run (or simulated) with various experimental parameters and are recorded on a storage device such as a network server. The reproduced experiment is combined with introductory material, hypotheses, vocabulary words and definitions, and other information to create course modules consisting of one or more segments. Small groups of students run software on separate computers to pick and view experiments, to collect data by interacting with the experiments, to analyze the collected data, and to prove hypotheses. Following each course segment the student groups present their findings to other class members and the teacher facilitates identification and understanding of the principles involved.

Abstract: An improved high volume/low pressure spray gun for spraying liquids such as paint. The spray gun includes a nozzle for mixing a liquid, such as paint in a solvent carrier, with a higher-than-atmospheric pressure gas, such as compressed air, and projecting the mixture towards the surface to be coated. The liquid is conveyed to the nozzle through a tube. A valve, ordinarily operated by a manual trigger, turns liquid flow on or off. Compressed air is conveyed through a hose to a vortex tube, then from the vortex tube to the nozzle. The vortex tube receives compressed gas at a selected temperature, ordinarily room temperature, and divides it into a high volume warm stream sent to the nozzle and a cool stream which is ordinarily exhausted to the atmosphere. The resulting high volume, low pressure, warm propellant air produces improved painting quality with less overspray.

Abstract: A major increase in terminal explosive energy of a missile by reacting bulk aluminum, titanium, magnesium, steel, and/or organic matrix composite missile structure with oxygen enriched air which is collected as the missile flies to its target. Oxygen rich air is produced from a small amount of engine bleed or atmospheric air processed through a molecular sieve on board oxygen generating system (OBOG), and stored under pressure in the missile fuel tanks as they are emptied during flight. Explosive reaction of the oxygen with missile structure is achieved with a flexible linear shaped charge (FLSC) attached to tank wall structure. Initiation of an explosive reaction between the bulk aluminum and oxygen can be achieved by a conventional shape charge or the like.

Abstract: An improved lightweight heat exchanger particularly suited for use in systems having low volume flow, high longitudinal gradient and high effectiveness requirements. The heat exchanger is characterized by a shell of an annular configuration, an endless plate of minimal thickness and of a substantially uniformly convoluted configuration disposed within the annular shell for defining therewithin a plurality of endless, juxtaposed passages, each having a low Reynold's number and being of an annular configuration. A pair of manifolds disposed 180.degree. apart is mounted on the shell in communication with the passages through which counterflowing fluids having different temperatures are simultaneously introduced and extracted from the passageways for thus achieving a continuous transfer of heat through the convoluted plate.