Abstract: Devices and methods for facilitating the delivery of EM energy between microstrip transmission lines and dielectric-filled waveguides are provided. In a preferred embodiment, a transition for transferring EM energy to and from a microstrip transmission line incorporates a longitudinally extending housing with a first end and a second end, and defining an interior therebetween. An element feed is disposed at least partially within the housing, with a first end of the element feed being configured to electrically communicate with the microstrip transmission line. Additionally, a dielectric material preferably surrounds at least a portion of the element feed and is disposed at least partially within the housing so that the housing and the dielectric material form a dielectric-filled waveguide. So configured, the transition is able to transmit EM energy between the microstrip transmission line and the dielectric-filled waveguide.

Abstract: A position and direction finding instrument including a single, direction-finding, multimode antenna having at least four (4) arms for receiving RF signals from one or more satellites, a feed circuit connected to the direction-finding antenna for receiving signals from the antenna and for generating mode one and mode two signals, and a global positioning system (GPS) receiver having stored satellite ephemeris data for determining the latitude and longitude (position) of the GPS receiver and comprising electronic processing means connected to the feed circuit for determining a ratio of the magnitudes of the mode one and mode two signals relative to each other to determine a phase difference between the mode one and mode two signals, the electronic processing means determining a forward direction of the instrument from the phase difference between the mode one and mode two signals, the stored satellite ephemeris data, and the latitude and longitude of the GPS receiver.