Abstract: A universal interferometer for a three-dimensional quantum random number generator (3D QRNG) that includes three input ports. Each input port being configured to receive at least one prepared photon having three dimensions of quantum information in Hilbert space from a preparation stage of the 3D QRNG. The prepared photon is prepared based on a selected probability distribution set selected from probability distribution sets of p1, p2 and p3 that add to 1 and where the p1, the p2 and the p3 are rational numbers less than 1 and greater than zero. The universal interferometer includes three two-dimensional interferometers connected and arranged to measure along an x-axis of a Cartesian coordinate system the prepared photon and preserving the three dimensions of the quantum information of the measured photon. The universal interferometer includes three output ports which produces the measured photon corresponding to a three-dimensional eigenstate.

Abstract: A key generator system that includes a quantum random number generator (QRNG) to generate a string of ternary digits. The QRNG includes a preparation stage, a universal interferometer to output a measurement outcome, and a detector to detect the measurement outcome and produce a quantum random (QR) ternary digit based on the outcome. The system includes a key generator to receive the string of QR ternary digits and generate a key including binary string of bits produced by mapping pairs of QR ternary digits into bits. The preparation stage includes an arrangement of beamsplitters defined by a selected probability distribution including a probability set of {p1, p2, p3} that adds to 1 and p1, p2 and p3 are rational numbers and less than 1 and greater than zero, and a selected one preparation stage candidate of candidates derived based on a value definite quantum states equation.

Abstract: A system comprising a classical computing subsystem to perform classical operations in a three-dimensional (3D) classical space unit using decomposed stopping points along a consecutive sequence of stopping points of sub-cells, along a vector with a shortest path between two points of the 3D classical space unit. The system includes a quantum computing subsystem to perform quantum operations in a 3D quantum space unit using decomposed stopping points along a consecutive sequence of stopping points of sub-cells, along a vector selected to have a shortest path between two points of the 3D quantum space unit. The system includes a control subsystem to decompose classical subproblems and quantum subproblems into the decomposed points and provide computing instructions and state information to the classical computing subsystem to perform the classical operations to the quantum computing subsystem to perform the quantum operations. A method and computer readable medium are provided.

Abstract: A system comprising a classical computing subsystem to perform classical operations in a three-dimensional (3D) classical space unit using decomposed stopping points along a consecutive sequence of stopping points of sub-cells, along a vector with a shortest path between two points of the 3D classical space unit. The system includes a quantum computing subsystem to perform quantum operations in a 3D quantum space unit using decomposed stopping points along a consecutive sequence of stopping points of sub-cells, along a vector selected to have a shortest path between two points of the 3D quantum space unit. The system includes a control subsystem to decompose classical subproblems and quantum subproblems into the decomposed points and provide computing instructions and state information to the classical computing subsystem to perform the classical operations to the quantum computing subsystem to perform the quantum operations. A method and computer readable medium are provided.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for harvesting atmospheric electricity are provided. The system includes a laser configured to form a plasma filament and a collector configured to collect electricity flowing along the plasma filament. The plasma filament comprises an electrically conducting plasma filament. Atmospheric electricity may be collected by having the plasma filament form at least a part of a conducting path: (1) between ground and a cloud, (2) between differently charged regions of the same cloud, (3) between differently charged regions of different clouds, and (4) between different regions of atmosphere, where there is a vertical voltage gradient. When the plasma filament is not long enough to form the entire conducting path, a lightning may be triggered to complete the conducting path needed to collect atmospheric electricity.

Abstract: An electric generator is disclosed that includes a duct configured to direct hyperthermal air molecules toward a source of exothermic fuel, a fuel dispenser configured to dispense fuel into a flow of the hyperthermal air molecules to cause a hyperthermic chemical reaction between the fuel and the hyperthermal air molecules that produces highly internally excited air molecules. The excited molecules amplify a seed current. Power harvesting cells are configured to capture and convert the amplified current to electricity.

Abstract: A system and method for collecting radiance energy from the Earth and using the collected radiance energy as the main energy source for generating RF signals is provided. The radiance energy collector may comprise an array of quantum systems configured to collect infrared energy radiated from the Earth. Once a sufficient amount of energy is collected (in the form of charged energy) by a cell of the array of quantum systems, a laser is configured to strike the cell with a certain amount of energy and phase and other attributes to allow the energy to be discharged and thus generate an RF signal. Most of the energy used for generating the RF signal is from the charged energy in the array of quantum systems and only a small portion of the total RF energy is contributed by the laser. The array of quantum systems and the laser generating module may be placed on an airship at a very high altitude.

Abstract: A flying vehicle comprises an elongated airfoil having a first end and a second end defining a longitudinal axis, the first and second ends further defining an interior opening extending therebetween and terminating at an outlet port proximal the second end; a solid fuel engine includes a fuel combustion chamber proximal the first end of the airfoil; a first manifold is coupled to the fuel combustion chamber and configured to convey a pressurized gas generated by combustion of a solid fuel; wherein the interior opening conveys the pressurized gas from the first manifold to the outlet port proximal the second end and wherein the pressurized gas is exhausted at the outlet port substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the elongated airfoil, thereby producing thrust which imparts a rotational motion to the airfoil about a center of mass proximal to the first end, for thereby defining a rotor disk.

Abstract: A computer system includes a deterministic computer that provides a non-recursive functional to a quantum system encoder. The quantum system encoder encodes the non-recursive functional into a first quantum system. The first quantum state is transformed to a second quantum state by an operator that includes a Topological Order Processing Element (TOPE). A quantum allegory generator provides an oracle to the operator.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for quantum verification and validation of cyber-physical systems that include a quantum allegory generator that maps a specification for the system undergoing verification and validation testing to a thermodynamical allegory. A hybrid classical-quantum processing system in which a quantum processing system serves as the oracle of the classical processing system and uses the thermodynamical allegory to determine whether there is a set of variable settings that satisfy the thermodynamical allegory. The presence and location of faults can be determined based on characteristics of the set of variables that satisfy the thermodynamical allegory, if the variables exist.

Abstract: A system for rejecting heat from equipment using endothermic isomerization. includes a heat exchanger configured to receive an elevated-temperature process fluid and an isomerization compound capable of endothermic isomerization. When the system is in operation, heat from the elevated temperature process fluid is transferred to the isomerization compound and the isomerization compound endothermically isomerizes to a higher energy state form. A vehicle includes an engine and a body. The body houses a catalytic heat exchanger having an output in fluid communication with the engine, a pump for urging an isomerization compound into the heat exchanger, and a heat sink controller for controlling the pump. A method for rejecting heat from equipment using endothermic isomerization includes providing a compound capable of endothermic isomerization and transferring heat from a process fluid to the compound, such that the compound endothermically isomerizes to a higher energy level isomer.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology provide systems and methods for transmitting a radio frequency (RF) signal from a desired location on the surface of a photoconversion material by simply directing a laser beam or other energy beam to the desired location on the photoconversion material. In one aspect, the laser beam causes electrons in the photoconversion material to accelerate and emit the RF signal by forming a dead region on the photoconversion material that the electrons must flow around. In one aspect, the dead region has an asymmetrical shape to prevent a cancellation effect and produce a net positive RF signal. Various aspects of the subject technology also provide systems and methods for drawing a circuit element on the photoconversion material by tracing one or more dead regions on the photoconversion material with a laser beam or other energy beam to construct the circuit element.

Abstract: Antennas systems are disclosed providing for the use of heat harvesters such as thermophotovoltaic cell materials for converting waste heat from antenna transmitters into useful electricity. A further aspect of the present disclosure provides for transmitters that include high-temperature solid-state power amplifiers for operation at relatively high temperatures, reducing or eliminating the need for thermal heat spreaders or heat sinks. Quantum-effect thermophotovoltaic cells, including quantum-dot based thermophotovoltaic cells are described. Field-coupling is described to extract energy from a quantum-dot based TPV. Novel solar cells are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system are disclosed that include a heat source, an endothermic process module, and a fuel source configured to supply fuel to the endothermic process module and to receive isomerized fuel from the endothermic process module. A controller includes logic instructions operable to receive information regarding temperature of fuel received by the endothermic process module, and regulate application of heat from the heat source to the fuel at the endothermic process module. The endothermic process module includes a catalyst that increases the thermal carrying capacity of the fuel by isomerizing fuel from the fuel source.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for harvesting atmospheric electricity are provided. The system includes a laser configured to form a plasma filament and a collector configured to collect electricity flowing along the plasma filament. The plasma filament comprises an electrically conducting plasma filament. Atmospheric electricity may be collected by having the plasma filament form at least a part of a conducting path: (1) between ground and a cloud, (2) between differently charged regions of the same cloud, (3) between differently charged regions of different clouds, and (4) between different regions of atmosphere, where there is a vertical voltage gradient. When the plasma filament is not long enough to form the entire conducting path, a lightning may be triggered to complete the conducting path needed to collect atmospheric electricity.

Abstract: A system and method for collecting radiance energy from the Earth and using the collected radiance energy as the main energy source for generating RF signals is provided. The radiance energy collector may comprise an array of quantum systems configured to collect infrared energy radiated from the Earth. Once a sufficient amount of energy is collected (in the form of charged energy) by a cell of the array of quantum systems, a laser is configured to strike the cell with a certain amount of energy and phase and other attributes to allow the energy to be discharged and thus generate an RF signal. Most of the energy used for generating the RF signal is from the charged energy in the array of quantum systems and only a small portion of the total RF energy is contributed by the laser. The array of quantum systems and the laser generating module may be placed on an airship at a very high altitude.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology provide systems and methods for transmitting a radio frequency (RF) signal from a desired location on the surface of a photoconversion material by simply directing a laser beam or other energy beam to the desired location on the photoconversion material. In one aspect, the laser beam causes electrons in the photoconversion material to accelerate and emit the RF signal by forming a dead region on the photoconversion material that the electrons must flow around. In one aspect, the dead region has an asymmetrical shape to prevent a cancellation effect and produce a net positive RF signal. Various aspects of the subject technology also provide systems and methods for drawing a circuit element on the photoconversion material by tracing one or more dead regions on the photoconversion material with a laser beam or other energy beam to construct the circuit element.

Abstract: Antennas systems are disclosed providing for the use of heat harvesters such as thermophotovoltaic cell materials for converting waste heat from antenna transmitters into useful electricity. A further aspect of the present disclosure provides for transmitters that include high-temperature solid-state power amplifiers for operation at relatively high temperatures, reducing or eliminating the need for thermal heat spreaders or heat sinks. Quantum-effect thermophotovoltaic cells, including quantum-dot based thermophotovoltaic cells are described. Field-coupling is described to extract energy from a quantum-dot based TPV. Novel solar cells are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electric generator is disclosed that includes a duct configured to direct hyperthermal air molecules toward a source of exothermic fuel, a fuel dispenser configured to dispense fuel into a flow of the hyperthermal air molecules to cause a hyperthermic chemical reaction between the fuel and the hyperthermal air molecules that produces highly internally excited air molecules. The excited molecules amplify a seed current. Power harvesting cells are configured to capture and convert the amplified current to electricity.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has a payload or body affixed at one end of an elongated airfoil. The entire airfoil/payload combination rotates about a center of mass to define a rotor disk. Thrust is provided by air-augmented rocket engine thrusting tangentially at a location remote from the payload. A control system maintains knowledge of its environment, as by a camera, to produce directional control signals which actuate lift control means in synchronism with the rotational position of the vehicle. A deployable object may be carried. Protection of the stowed vehicle is provided by blister packaging.