Abstract: A doctoring ink cup for containing and applying ink to an engraved image on a printing plate includes a flexible doctoring cup drawn from a sheet of spring steel. The doctoring cup has rim forming a doctoring edge for wiping excess ink from the printing plate. A cup shaped stiffening member is bonded to the doctoring cup for stiffening the doctoring cup.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed suitable for electrostatic spraying from fixed wing aircraft. The apparatus includes a linear electrostatic spraying nozzle 2 and electrodes 4 placed near the nozzle's spraying edge to intensify the electric field strength at the spraying edge sufficiently to produce ligaments of the liquid to be sprayed from the spraying edge. In order that the airstream due to the aircraft's movement does not destroy the ligamets, the sprayhead and the electrodes are positioned so that part of the airstream flows between them. The spray head and the electrodes are so shaped and positioned that when directed to spray in substantially the same direction as the airstream, a turbulence free wake is left in the region of the ligaments.