Abstract: A topical formulation that inhibits the growth of microorganisms comprises an effective amount of an insecticide dissolved in an oil phase comprising a water-miscible or water-soluble surface active agent, a suspending agent, and a non-ionic surfactant, and an aqueous phase comprising one or more preservatives, where the aqueous phase is buffered to a specific pH. The overall antimicrobial efficacy in an emulsion formulation can be enhanced by buffering the aqueous phase of the emulsion to a pH at which the preservative system inhibits growth for a wider variety of microorganism types in the formulation relative to the equivalent formulation in which the aqueous phase is not buffered.

Abstract: A process for preparing Z-5-carboxymethylene-1,3-dioxolan-4-ones is provided which includes the steps of reacting a bis-ketal or bis-acetal of tartaric acid with a potassium containing base to form the carboxymethylene-1,3-dioxolan-4-one. A process for preparing HIV integrase inhibitors employing the carboxymethylene-1,3-dioxolan-4-one inhibitor is also provided.

Abstract: A process is provided for the process for preparing a pyrrolotriazine aniline p38 kinase inhibitor such as amide II by the direct aminolysis of the ester I wherein ester I is reacted with a strong organometallic base, such as hexyllithium or n-butyllithium and the desired amine such as n-propylamine to form the amide II.

Abstract: Methods for the preparation of biphenyl isoxazole sulfonamides and intermediates therof. The present invention also relates to the novel intermediates prepared by these methods. The biphenyl isoxazole sulfonamides prepared by the present methods are endothelin antagonists useful, inter alia, for the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and male erectile dysfunction.

Abstract: An electrical coupler for use with a ceiling-suspended chain lamp having a two-part housing secured together with an internally threaded ring fitted over externally threaded ends of the two parts. The electrical coupler permits ease of removal of the suspended lamp without any requirement to remove the electrical wiring within the ceiling suspended lamp.